Homeostasis refers to the body's ability to regulate and maintain stable internal conditions necessary for survival, even when external conditions change. It operates through negative and positive feedback loops. Negative feedback loops work to reverse changes that move conditions outside the normal range, like increasing heart rate in response to stress. Positive feedback loops intensify changes, like contractions during childbirth increasing in strength as pressure from the baby rises. Homeostasis is constantly disrupted by internal and external stimuli but feedback loops work to quickly restore equilibrium and prevent conditions from becoming dangerous.

1. Maintain yourself!

2. What is it?
HOMEOSTASIS- this means a state of equilibrium
homeo--same stasis--standing still
A.The maintenance of a stable internal environment
Maintains conditions necessary to support life
A.A.Homeostasis is the regulation and maintenance ofHomeostasis is the regulation and maintenance of
the internal environment of the bodythe internal environment of the body

3. HOMEOSTASIS
It works in all levels of the body:
Cellular
Tissues
Organs
Organ Systems

4. Tell your table buddy what happens if your
homeostasis goes out of normal ranges and
the body cant bring it back.

5. HOMEOSTASIS
There are 100’s of monitored events in the
body that must be maintained in order to
function efficiently
A. these conditions are maintained by
feedback systems
There are negative and positive feedback
systems

6. HOMEOSTASIS
NEGATIVE FEEDBACK- this tells the body
to stop what it is doing when it goes outside
of the acceptable range.

7. NEGATIVE FEEDBACK EXAMPLES
EXAMPLE: when you are asked to give a report
in front of the class. You are sometimes stressed!
Your heart starts beating faster and your blood
pressure goes up
Little sensors called baroreceptors sense the
change, and the negative feedback systems will
stimulate the heart to decrease the force and
frequency of the heartbeat. Once this kicks in,
the body restores the normal blood pressure

8. POSITIVE FEEDBACK
POSITIVE FEEDBACK- this tells the body to
continue doing what it is doing

9. POSITIVE FEEDBACK
EXAMPLE OF POSITIVE FEEDBACK: when
contractions begin to push the baby into the birth
canal, the pressure of the baby stimulates
increased strength of contractions
The force of the contractions continue until the
pressure of the baby in the birth canal is
decreased

10. •Negative feedback loopNegative feedback loop
•original stimulus reversedoriginal stimulus reversed
•most feedback systems in the body are negativemost feedback systems in the body are negative
•used for conditions that need frequent adjustmentused for conditions that need frequent adjustment
•Positive feedback loopPositive feedback loop
•original stimulus intensifiedoriginal stimulus intensified
•seen during normal childbirthseen during normal childbirth
Feedback Loops: TypesFeedback Loops: Types

11. •Negative feed back loop consists of:Negative feed back loop consists of:
•Receptor - structures that monitor a controlled condition and detect changesReceptor - structures that monitor a controlled condition and detect changes
•Control center - determines next actionControl center - determines next action
•EffectorEffector
•receives directions from the control centerreceives directions from the control center
•produces a response that restores the controlled conditionproduces a response that restores the controlled condition

12. Homeostasis – Negative Feedback LoopHomeostasis – Negative Feedback Loop

13. •Stretch receptors in walls of uterus sendStretch receptors in walls of uterus send
signals to the brainsignals to the brain
•Brain induces release of hormone (oxytocin)Brain induces release of hormone (oxytocin)
into bloodstreaminto bloodstream
•Uterine smooth muscle contracts moreUterine smooth muscle contracts more
forcefullyforcefully
•More stretch, more hormone, moreMore stretch, more hormone, more
contraction etc.contraction etc.
•Cycle ends with birth of the baby & decreaseCycle ends with birth of the baby & decrease
in stretchin stretch
Positive Feedback during ChildbirthPositive Feedback during Childbirth

14. OTHER METHODS OF
HOMEOSTASIS
ENDOCRINE AND NERVOUS SYSTEMS-
These work together to maintain homeostasis,
and sometimes they work independently
Endocrine system delivers chemical messages
Nervous system delivers electrical messages

15. ENDOCRINE AND NERVOUS
Both of these systems are responsible for
blood sugar levels, electrolyte balance,
blood pressure, internal temperature, skin
temperature, blood O2 levels

16. BODY TEMPS
There are 2 ways of gaining heat in our
bodies
1. internal heat production:
 muscle contraction
other metabolic activities like digestion
2. environmental changes- outside
temperature

17. Heat loss
There are 4 different ways to loose heat from your
body:
1. Evaporation- this is heat loss from converting water
from a liquid to a vapor
2.Conduction- this is heat loss through direct contact
with something (like water)
3.Convection- the process of conduction where one
object is in motion
4.Radiation- loss of heat to the environment due to the
temperature gradient

18. Cool your body
1. sweating
2. Blood vessel dilation

19. Tell your table buddy why wearing heavy
clothes in summer heat is a bad idea.

20. Okay, if I’m cold, how do I warm
up?
Shivering- this is involuntary
Constriction of dermal blood vessels

21. •Homeostasis is continually being disruptedHomeostasis is continually being disrupted
byby
•External stimuliExternal stimuli
•heat, cold, lack of oxygen, pathogens,heat, cold, lack of oxygen, pathogens,
toxinstoxins
•Internal stimuliInternal stimuli
•Body temperatureBody temperature
•Blood pressureBlood pressure
•Concentration of water, glucose, salts,Concentration of water, glucose, salts,
oxygen, etc.oxygen, etc.
•Physical and psychological distressesPhysical and psychological distresses
•Disruptions can be mild to severeDisruptions can be mild to severe
•If homeostasis is not maintained, deathIf homeostasis is not maintained, death
may resultmay result

22. Control of HomeostasisControl of Homeostasis

23. tell your table buddy what is negative feedback
and positive feedback.