Introduction respiration, mechanisms of respiration by various animals and human lungs

1. RESPIRATION
Dr. T. RAMESH
Assistant Professer of Zoology
Vivekananda College

2. Respiration
Types of Respiration
Respiratory organs in Various organisms
Mechanism of respiration in man
Transport of gases
Respiratory disorders
Summary
Outline

3. Gaseous exchange between Organisms and the Environment
Essential Physiological activity
Energy for Organisms- Oxidation of Food
Human- intake of Oxygen for delivery to body cell and
elimination of carbon dioxide produced by cell
Healthy person respired 12-15 times/min
It regulate the blood pH
Introduction

4. External Respiration (breathing)- Lungs- Higher animals
Internal Respiration (cellular)- blood fluid & cell-Invertebrates
Types of Respiration

5. Respiratory Medium
Oxygen is derived from two main sources- Air and Water
S.n
o
Air % of Volume
1 Nitrogen 78.09
2 Oxygen 20.95
3 Carbon dioxide 0.03
4 Others In traces
level
Table shows the average composition of air

6. Oxygen Requirement
Animals Body weight
(grams)
O2 consumption
(ml/gm body weight/hour)
Frog 150 0.05
Turtle 3, 000 0.088
Pigeon 700 1.5
Dog 20, 000 0.36
Elephant 3, 80, 0000 0.067
Man 70, 000 0.2
Oxygen consumption in various animals at rest
The Influence factor of oxygen consumption-
Temperature, Body size and activity
Higher vertebrates consumes larger amount of Oxygen

7. Integument Frogs
Gills Fishes
Lungs Human
Swim
bladder
Fishes
Respiratory Organs
Alimentary
mucosa
Plecpstomus
Water
Lungs
Holothurians
Epipodites Prawn
Tracheal
Gills
Damsel fly

8. Respiratory Organ of Man
“The respiratory organ of man is lungs”
Man has two Lungs
They are spongy in Nature
They are located in the Thoracic cavity
The lungs are Cone shaped
The right lung has 3 lobes and left lung has two lobes

9. Respiratory passage of Man
Respiratory passage consists of
External nostrils
Nasal cavity
Internal nostril
Pharynx
Larynx
Trachea
Bronchus
Alveolar sac
Alveolus

10. Mechanism of Respiration in
Man
Pulmonary Respiration
When the human body breathes air, it gets sucked
through the nostrils or the mouth.
Then it goes through the trachea (wind pipe).
The trachea divides into tubes called bronchi which carry
the air on to each lung.
Respiration is the Interchange of O2 and CO2
Pulmonary respiration and Tissue respiration

11. Respiration
Respiration
External nostrils or Mouth
Nasal cavity
Internal nostril
Pharynx
Larynx
Trachea
Bronchus
Alveolar sac/ Air Sac
CO2
R
B
C
Capillary
O2
Air Sac
RBC
Exchange of gases in
Alveolus

12. Tissue Respiration
Interchange of Gases in the tissues
It is also a internal respiration
Cells take up O2 from haemoglobin and the blood
from the cells
Capillary
RBC
Cells
O2
CO2

13. Disorders of the respiratory system can be classified into four general
areas:
Obstructive conditions (e.g., bronchitis, asthma attacks)
Restrictive conditions (e.g., fibrosis, alveolar damage, pleural
effusion)
Vascular diseases (e.g., pulmonary edema, pulmonary embolism,
pulmonary hypertension)
Infectious, environmental and other "diseases" (e.g., pneumonia,
tuberculosis, particulate pollutants): Coughing is of major
importance, as it is the body's main method to remove dust, mucus,
saliva, and other debris from the lungs. Inability to cough can lead to
infection. Deep breathing exercises may help keep finer structures of
the lungs clear from particulate matter, etc.
Respiratory Disorders

14. Did you know that…
Amazing Facts About the Respiratory
System
• Your right lung has three lobes and your left lung only
has two
• The right lung is a little larger than the left lung
• A person sleeping almost always breathes 12 or 15
times a minute

15. Did you know that…
Amazing Facts About the Respiratory
System
• The exhaling rate is faster in kids than in adults
• The trachea is made out of cartilage shaped rings
• The fastest recorded “ sneeze speed” is 165 km per
hour
• It is healthier to breathe through your nose than
your mouth, because your nose hairs and mucus
clean the air

16. References
Arumugam, N. and Mariakuttian A. (2013) Animal Physiology, Saras
publication, Nagercoil, Tamil Nadu India pp. 558.
Pranav Kumar and Usha Mina (2011) Life Science Fundamentals and
Practice. Part II. Pathfinder Academy, New Delhi, India. Pp-588.

17. Thank you