Opioids like morphine bind to opioid receptors in the brain, spinal cord, and digestive tract to relieve pain. They inhibit neurotransmitter release and can cause respiratory depression, nausea, drowsiness, tolerance, and addiction with long term use. Narcotic analgesics are classified into categories including morphine derivatives, synthetic morphine derivatives, and narcotic antagonists. NSAIDs like ibuprofen and naproxen inhibit prostaglandin production to reduce pain and inflammation but can cause gastric upset and kidney damage. COX-2 inhibitors selectively inhibit COX-2 to reduce inflammation with fewer gastrointestinal side effects. Acetaminophen's mechanism is unknown but it is used for fever and pain relief, though can