The circulatory system transports blood throughout the body via blood vessels. It supplies oxygen and nutrients to cells, removes waste, and transports immune cells to sites of infection. The main components are the heart, blood vessels (arteries, veins, capillaries), blood, and blood cells. Arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart while veins carry deoxygenated blood back to it. Capillaries connect the two, allowing for the exchange of oxygen, nutrients, waste and immune cells between blood and body tissues.

1. Transportation in
Humans
(circulatory
system)
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2. Functions of transport system
• Supply of oxygen and nutrients to every cell of
the body.
• Hormones and enzymes that are formed in
one part of the body are transported to
required body organ.
• Removal of harmful substances from the body
cells. Like carbon dioxide, ammonia, and urea.
• Transport of immune cells to the site of
infection.
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3. Parts of circulatory system
• Circulatory system:- circulatory system is a
system of vessels which connects all the cells,
tissues and organs of the body together.
Parts of circulatory
system
Heart
Pumps the blood into
blood vessel
Blood Vessels artery,
veins capillaries
Pipe like organ which
transports blood
throughout the body
Blood
Fluid medium that
transports
substances
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4. Blood
• Blood:- Blood is a liquid or fluid connective tissue. It
is red in colour that flows in the blood vessels.
• Functions of blood:-
- It supplies food and oxygen to every body cells.
- It removes waste from the cells.
- It helps in regulating body temperature.
- It protects body against infection.
Components of
blood
Plasma
(liquid part)
Corpuscles
(cells of blood)
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5. Plasma
(liquid, non-living part of blood)
• Plasma:- plasma is the non living, yellowish liquid
part of the blood. Plasma makes up more than
half of blood volume.
• Functions of plasma:-
- It transports dissolved food and oxygen to the
body cells.
- It transports enzymes, hormones, and chemicals
in the body.
- It removes carbon dioxide and waste from the
cells.
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7. Corpuscles or blood cells
( living cells of blood.
Formed in bone marrow )
Corpuscles
Red blood cells
Erythrocytes
(RBC)
Without nucleus
Carry haemoglobin
Lives for 90 to 120days
White blood cells
Leukocytes
(WBC)
They have nucleus
Fight against germs
Their number is less
Platelets
They have nucleus
Helps in blood clotting
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8. Red blood cells or erythrocytes
• RBC do not have nucleus. Hence they are very flexible. That
is why it can be transported to thinnest capillaries and
reach every cell of the body.
• Because of lack of nucleus RBC have life span of 120 days.
Then they are degenerated in the liver.
• It contains protein called Haemoglobin which is carrier of
oxygen as well as carbon dioxide molecule.
• Haemoglobin + oxygen= oxyhaemoglobin
• Haemoglobin + carbon dioxide= carboxyhaemoglobin.
• Haemoglobin contains iron which gives red colour to the
blood.
• Count of RBC in blood is very high.
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9. WBC (leucocytes) and platelets
• WBC defend body against infection. And fight against
germs. WBC have memory cells which remember the
shape of germs and hence provide us immunity. That is
why vaccinations are given in childhood. ( vaccines are
the preparations of dead disease causing organism).
• WBC count are less in blood. But during infection their
count goes high.
• They are called as soldiers of body.
• Platelet:- They are minute cells and help in clotting of
blood ( when there is cut in the body then after some
time the blood automatically stops coming out due to
formation of wire mesh like structure by platelets).
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10. Blood vessels
Blood vessels
Arteries
They carry blood away from
heart.
They carry oxygenated blood.
Veins
They carry blood from body to
heart.
They carry deoxygenated blood
capillaries
They are finest blood vessels.
They connect artery with
veins.
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12. Arteries:-
- Arteries have thick muscular walls.
- They carry blood away from heart. The force of heart
pumping keeps blood flowing through artery. We can
feel the flow of blood in our wrist.
- Blood in artery is bright red in colour because it
contains lots of oxygen. Oxyhaemoglobin is bright red
in colour.
- Largest artery in the body is Aorta. Aorta arise from
the left ventricle of heart.
- On entering the body organs and cells the artery
divides into fine capillaries.
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13. Veins:-
- veins carry blood from body organs to the heart.
- They have thin walls.
- There are valves inside the veins make the blood to
flow only towards the heart.
- The flow of blood in veins is not jerky.
- The blood is deoxygenated and so it is dark in colour.
- Veins are placed superficially. Just below the skin.
- Veins begin as capillaries. They join and rejoin to form
large vein that opens into the right auricle of heart.
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14. Capillaries:-
- Capillaries are the finest blood vessels.
- They connect arteries and veins.
- The capillaries have very thin walls. (only one
cell thick).
- At the capillaries, food and oxygen pass from
blood to the cells and carbon dioxide and
waste products pass from cell to the blood.
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