Pakistan and China relations: 1947-1999
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Pakistan and China established diplomatic relations in 1947 after Pakistan gained independence. However, they could not become strong allies initially due to Pakistan's alliance with the US and China being a communist state. Relations strengthened in the 1960s as China supported Pakistan in its territorial disputes with India and provided economic assistance. China also aided Pakistan militarily during its wars with India in 1965 and 1971. Cooperation between the two countries continued to grow in subsequent decades, including the building of the Karakoram Highway connecting them and increased nuclear cooperation.
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The conflict between India and Pakistan originated from tensions between Indian and Muslim nationalism during British rule. The partition of British India led to an independent India and Pakistan in 1947, but also sparked religious conflict over the region of Jammu and Kashmir. Over 70 years since independence, India and Pakistan have fought three wars and have ongoing tensions over Kashmir, though they have also had some successes in sharing water resources and resolving border disputes. Religious nationalism and tensions over Kashmir have periodically led to outbreaks of violence between the two countries.
Death mystery of netaji subhash chandra bose
Subhash Chandra Bose was a prominent Indian nationalist leader who fought against British rule of India. He was strongly influenced by Swami Vivekananda and decided to take action against the British after witnessing exploitation of Indians. He was expelled from college after beating a racist British teacher. Later he joined the Indian National Congress but often opposed its non-violent approach favored by Gandhi. He broke from Congress and sought military help from Axis powers during World War 2, forming the Indian National Army. Though INA liberated parts of India, Japan's surrender ended their campaign. Bose was reported killed in a plane crash in 1945 but some believe he survived and was in the Soviet Union, a theory supported by an Indian
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During the Cold War era from 1956 to 1960, the political dynamics of several countries in Asia and the Middle East are discussed. Pakistan established its 1956 constitution and had several prime ministers until Ayub Khan imposed martial law in 1958. Iran was a monarchy led by the Shah while Saudi Arabia was also a monarchy adhering to strict Islamic laws. Afghanistan and India both had monarchies and democracies respectively. China was under communist rule of Mao Zedong while the Soviet Union was led by Nikita Khrushchev. The US was led by President Eisenhower as a capitalist democracy. The foreign relations between these countries and blocs during the Cold War are also outlined.
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This document provides an overview of the relationship between Pakistan and India, with a focus on the disputed region of Kashmir. It discusses:
1) The partition of British India and how Kashmir's accession became a point of contention.
2) India's diplomatic success in portraying Kashmir as an internal issue rather than an international dispute, due to its unified stance compared to divisions within Pakistan.
3) The origins of the Kashmir dispute, from the maharaja's rule to the UN resolutions calling for a plebiscite that was never implemented.
4) Various proposals over the decades to resolve the dispute through compromise, such as an independent Kashmir or accepting the current line of control
Netaji and azad hind fouz
Sovan Modak is presenting on Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose and the Azad Hind Fouz. The presentation covers Bose's early life and involvement in India's independence movement. It discusses how Bose escaped British India for Germany and Japan and went on to lead the Azad Hind Fouz and Indian National Army against British rule in India during World War 2. The summary outlines the formation and operations of the first and second Indian National Armies, and their eventual defeat. It concludes with Bose's disappearance and the controversial Red Fort trials of INA members after the war.
Kashmir between india and pakistan
This document provides a historical overview of the Kashmir conflict between India and Pakistan from 1947 to the present. It discusses how the partition of British India led to disputes over the princely state of Kashmir, which both countries claimed. India and Pakistan have fought three wars over Kashmir and attempted negotiations, but they have failed to resolve the conflict. The UN intervened in 1948 and called for a plebiscite in Kashmir after withdrawal of troops, but demilitarization plans were rejected by both sides. The conflict has remained unresolved despite several attempts at mediation and negotiations over the decades.
Indo pak conflicts
The document discusses the top 10 reasons for the long-standing conflict between India and Pakistan since their formation as independent states in 1947. The key reasons include the partition which displaced millions, the disputed territory of Kashmir, and the wars fought between the two countries over Kashmir in 1947-48, 1965, 1971 and 1999. The conflict has been exacerbated by both countries developing nuclear weapons capability. The issue of Kashmir remains unresolved and is the fundamental cause of tensions between India and Pakistan.
Half of the sky !
This document is an international women's day quiz with 10 multiple choice questions about influential women. The questions cover topics like the most powerful woman in Indian business, the origins of international women's day, the first person to refer to women as "half the sky", the first Indian woman cabinet member, identifying photos of important women, and the teacher of Helen Keller.
Netaji
Subhash Chandra Bose was an influential Indian independence activist who founded the Indian National Army to fight against British rule in India. He served as the president of the Indian National Congress twice but later broke away to form his own party. During World War II, Bose sought help from Nazi Germany and Imperial Japan to liberate India and formed the Azad Hind Fauj, recruiting Indian soldiers from prisoner-of-war camps. While it is believed that Bose died in a plane crash in 1945, some believe he may have survived and disappeared. Overall, Bose made significant contributions to the Indian independence movement through his militant approach and establishment of the Indian National Army.
India Food Crisis.pdf
- The US provided food aid to India during a 1966 famine, but the way President Johnson went about it left India with a sour taste in its mouth that hindered future cooperation for decades.
- Relations between India and the US remained strained through the Nixon administration due to disagreements over regional conflicts and India developing ties with the Soviet Union.
- Beginning in the Clinton administration, the US and India began building strategic partnerships in areas like science and technology, though political relations remained uneven at times. Recent administrations have worked to strengthen economic, defense, and strategic cooperation between the two countries.
INDIA’s EXTERNAL RELATIONS-12.pptx
The document discusses Jawaharlal Nehru's view that foreign relations are the fundamental test of a country's independence. It then provides context on India's foreign policy goals of promoting peace and maintaining just relations between nations according to the constitution. Several principles and determinants of India's foreign policy are outlined, including non-alignment and focusing on neighborhood peace and development.
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Constitutional development in pakistan 1973
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Population: Employment and Unemployment in Pakistan
This document discusses employment and unemployment in Pakistan. It defines the three sectors of employment as primary, secondary, and tertiary. The primary sector involves extracting raw materials like agriculture, fishing and mining and contributes 56.5% of employment. The secondary sector processes primary products through manufacturing and contributes 10.5% of employment. The tertiary sector provides services like transportation, banking, and education, absorbing 33% of the labor force. Disguised unemployment occurs when more workers are employed than needed. Unemployment is caused by lack of economic opportunities, high population, replacement of technology reducing manual labor needs, and political unrest. Reducing unemployment involves improving education to match skills with demand and implementing family planning programs.
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- 1. Pakistan-China Relations 1947-1999 Group Members: Aurangzeb Ahmed, Hamza Asjid, Tohami Bin Shafiq,Lala Rukh
- 2. 1947-1960 Pakistan gained Independence (1947) The communist rebels won the war against nationalist government in October 1949 led by Mao Zedong. Pakistan was an ally of US so it was not possible to become an ally of China because it was a communalist state.
- 3. 1961-1974 China had a war with India over Border dispute in 1962. China Won some of India’s land in March 1963. China gave a $60 million interest free loan to Pakistan in 1963. China was the world’s largest purchaser of Pakistani cotton in 1963. Regular flights of PIA went to China and was the first one to do so in August 1964. In 1964, China supported Kashmir issue in favor of Pakistan in return Pakistan supported China’s entry into the UN.
- 4. During the 1965 War with India China supplied Military Aid To Pakistan and applied diplomatic pressure on India. In 1971, China did not supported Pakistan because now USSR was involved in the war as USSR was stronger State. In February 1972, Bhutto visited China and it granted previous loan to Pakistan. China supplied military aid to Pakistan.
- 5. 1974-1999 Karakoram Highway was built between the two countries by the economic assistance of China In 1986, Zia visited China and signed a nuclear Cooperation treaty to enhance the two countries relation. A 300-megawatt nuclear power plant, built with Chinese help in Punjab province, is completed. Source : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C hina%E2%80%93Pakistan_r elations