Pakistan and Afghanistan have a long and complex relationship. The Durand Line border was established in 1893 but disputed by Afghanistan. Relations were initially strained but improved after visits by leaders in the 1950s. The 1965 and 1971 India-Pakistan wars saw Afghanistan support or remain neutral towards Pakistan. The Soviet invasion of 1979 threatened Pakistan's security and it supported the US-backed mujahideen. After 9/11, Pakistan had to choose between supporting the US war on terror or facing retaliation, and opted to back the US-led operation in Afghanistan. Relations have continued with high-level visits and agreements but tensions remain due to militant activity and Indian influence in Afghanistan.

2. PAK – AFGHAN
RELATIONSHIPS

3. Groups members
Amanullah 13786
Mansoor 14572
Adnan 14783

4. History of Afghanistan:
 Afghanistan (Land of the Afghan) is a
mountainous country in Central Asia
with a history and culture that
 goes back 5000 years
 In the ancient times, the land was
called Aryana by its inhabitants. In the
 medieval era, it was called Khorasan,
and in modern times, its people have
decided to call it Afghanistan.

5. Location of Afghanistan:

6.  Durand Line:
 The Pakistan-Afghan boundary was drawn
in 1893 by Sir Mortimer Durand.
 The boundary was accepted by the king of
Afghanistan in a treaty the 1893.
 When Pakistan became Afghanistan
claimed on the boundary of Pakistan.

8.  Opposition in UNO:
 In initial era Pak-Afghan relations were in
critical phase , Afghanistan was first
Muslim State in the World whose against
the membership of Pakistan in UNO..
 Pakistan joined the United Nations on
September 30 1947,.

9.  Rulers visits:
 Pakistan’s president Iskandar Mirza
visited Afghanistan in August 1956.
 Hussain Shaheed Suharwardy Prime
Minister of Pakistan toured
Afghanistan in 1957.

10.  These visits were reciprocated by Afghan
ruler King Zahir Shah in 1958 .
 Prime Minister Sardar Daud Khan in
1959.
 These visits helped in cultivating attitude
of reconciliation on both sides.

11.  Reinstatement of Relations:
 Iran successful for the better relation
Between Pakistan and Afghanistan which
resulted in the 1963 Tehran Accord.
 Afghanistan and Pakistan agreed to
restore diplomatic relations, re-open their
closed borders and resume trade and
commercial ties.

12.  1965 war:
 The relations were improved to such an
extent that during the 1965 India
Pakistan war, Afghanistan sided with
Pakistan which enabled Islamabad to fully
concentrate on its war with India and
worry less about the security of its western
border.

13.  1971 war:
 King Zahir Shah, in his state visit of 1968,
was given a very warm welcome by
Pakistan
 Afghanistan maintained strict neutrality
during the 1971 war between India and
Pakistan and refrained from taking
advantage of Pakistan’s preoccupation in
war

14.  Sardar Daud Era:
 In 1973 Sardar Daud take over the last
king of Afghanistan Zahir Shah

15.  Sardar Daud Support to
Separatists in Pakistan
 It was feared that the Daoud comeback
would once again arouse separatist
movements amongst Parkton and Balochi
living across Durand Line. And it did
happen in Baluchistan when Afghanistan
provided sanctuaries to the Murree and
Bugti insurgents in mid 70s

16.  Pakistan Support to anti Daud
forces:
 Considering Daud a serious threat to
Pakistan integration, Pakistan
government decided to support anti Daud
forces in destabilizing and bringing down
Daud regime.

17.  Resultantly , Pakistan welcomed Afghan
Islamists with anti communist and anti
Daud feelings.
 These dissidents were provided training
and other supports for their incursions
and uprisings inside Afghanistan.

18.  Daud visit to Pakistan:
 Daud , succumbed by Pakistan retaliation,
decided for reconciliation with Islamabad
and invited Pakistan’s Prime Minister
Zulifiqar Ali Bhutto for Kabul’s visit.
 Bhutto was given a warm welcome in
Kabul in June 1976.
 Daud was given red carpet reception in his
reciprocal visit to Islamabad in August
same year

19. PART 2

20.  Saur revolution:
 Elimination of Daud by communist forces
in April 1978 . Kabul was taken over by
the People's Democratic Party of
Afghanistan (PDPA).
 The country was renamed the Democratic
Republic of Afghanistan

21.  Soviet invasion:
 The December, 27th 1979 Soviet invasion
of Afghanistan, which killed Hafizullah
Amin and installed Babrak Karmal as the
country’s president.
 Which created a frightening situation for
Pakistan as it brought the Red Army
dangerously close to the Khyber Pass, the
traditional gateway of invasions of South
Asia from the north.

22.  American assistance to Pakistan
 President Carter, on May 4, 1980,
declared:
 “We will provide military equipment,
food and other assistance to help
Pakistan defend its independence and
national security against the seriously
increased threat from the north.”

23.  The American’s supply of arms,
ammunition and equipment to the
Mujahideen, was funneled through
Pakistan’s ISI.

24.  Pakistani assistance to Mujahidin:
 The leading recipient of American aid was
Hezb-i-Islami that proved to be the trust
worthy and deserving resistance force.
 It was Pakistan’s skill-full use of
intelligence and resources against Soviet
forces that made Afghanistan a ‘bleeding
wound’ for Moscow.

25.  Soviet's Left Afghanistan
 In 1989 soviet union left Afghanistan
during presidency of Mohammad
Najibullah.

26.  Tahreek e Taliban:
 Tehreek-i-Islami-i-Taliban Afghanistan
emerged in and around Kandhar in
September 1994 and began as a new
movement.
 With in three years Taliban were finally
able to control 27 out of 32 provinces by
the 3rd weak of May 1997.

27.  Pakistani Support to Taliban
 Pakistan extended full diplomatic and
economic support to the Taliban
Government.
 To reconstruct Chaman- Kandhar -
Herat- Kushka highway Pakistan provided
financial and technical support to the
Taliban as well.

28.  US opposition:
 On May 5th, 1999 the US Senate passed a
resolution calling on President Bush not to
recognize any government that
discriminated against women. Taliban
allowed Osama to live comfortably in
Afghanistan and in return he provided
personnel, money and hundreds of Arab
fighters to participate in the Taliban
military campaigns in the north

29. Pakistan-Afghanistan Relation after 9/ 11

30.  The horrific acts of September 11, 2001
changed the world and Pakistan Found
itself between the devil and the deep
sea.
 It marks a new phase of the Pakistan
foreign policy in general and Pakistan’s
Afghanistan policy in particular.

31.  Reaction of Al qaeda after attacks
from US:
 The attack was effective in destroying the
training camps.
 However, the large numbers of the Taliban
and Al Qaeda dispersed and disappeared in
to the hinterland and some fled in to the
neighboring Iran and Pakistan.
 Within 8-10 weeks the Taliban were over
powered, routed, major cities including the
capital fell on November 13th, 2001.

32. American Reaction

33.  Pakistan reaction:
 Pakistan was to either stand with America
in its war against Al Qaida and Taliban or
suffer U.S. retaliation if continue with
its pro Taliban stand.
 Pakistan opted to side the international
coalition and provide intelligence, flight
corridor and bases for logistic support
and recovery to the U.S. led military attack
over Afghanistan on October 7, 2001.

34. PART 3

35. Pervez Mushraf visit to
Afghanistan
 After sucessfull
completion of
presidential election
Pervez Muskrat made a
visit to Afghanistan in
2002.
 And made an
announcement of
100milion dollar aid for
the reconstruction of
Afghanistan.

37.  Hamid Karzai visit to Pakistan:
 Pakistan supported the interim set up and
Hamid Karzai paid an official visit to
Pakistan in February 2002.
 And started again bilateral relations on
friendly terms.
 Pakistan offered all sort of moral,
political and economic support to
strengthen new government in Kabul
under the presidency of Karzai.

38.  Pakistan Support in Election:
 Pakistan also provided full support for the
peaceful conduct of presidential and
parliamentary polls in October 2004 and
September 2005.
 The border Was sealed to guard against
any invasions across the border to
disrupt election process.

39.  Pakistan role For Peaceful solution:
 Pakistan, to avert likely war, did its best to
mediate between U.S and the Taliban.
 George Tenet, former head of C I A, in his
book amply records Pakistan’s efforts of
bringing Taliban to the table and
averting war.

40.  Foreign hand and particularly Indian
Factors:
 On the contrary Afghanistan’s distant
neighbor like India was provided
opportunity to further its strategic
interests against Pakistan.
 Since then, India has found a vast
platform in Afghanistan to conduct its
covert activities in Baluchistan through
Balochi dissidents and FATA through
TTP in order to destabilize Pakistan.

41. Pak-Afghan relation in Asif Zardari Era
 President Asif Ali made an
official visit to Afghanistan in
January 2009 to terrorism.
 In September 2010 Hamid
Karzai president of Afghanistan
traveled to Pakistan addressing
new tactic to fight militancy.

42.  Signed agreement:
 In order to enhance cooperation
amongst the two countries, in October
2010
 President has signed a Pakistan-
Afghanistan Transit Trade Agreement.

43.  Smuggling Products :
 Smuggling became a major business
after the establishment of the Durand
Line in 1893, which is now controlled
by a large network of mafia groups on
both sides of the border.

44.  Meat Smuggled:
 In Peshawar, Pakistan, local police and the
food department recovered the meat
which was smuggled to Afghanistan from
the city Peshawar on September 13, 2012.

45.  Minerals smuggled:
 Pakistan generates about USD 350
million dollar revenue on smuggling of
these stones annually, while
Afghanistan only earns USD 3,00,000
dollar.

46.  Country agreement for the
establishment of joint chamber of
commerce and industry:
 The countries also agreed to establish a joint
chamber of commerce and industry.
 Pakistan has offered to host the inaugural
session of the proposed chamber, and display
centers for industrial exhibitions will be set
up in Karachi and Kabul


47.  Bilateral trade between Pakistan
and Afghanistan:
 Pakistan and Afghanistan have agreed
to strengthen trade ties and double
annual bilateral trade by 2015, after a
two-day Joint Economic Commission
(JEC) meeting January 16-17 in
Islamabad