The document outlines the changing diplomatic relations between Pakistan and the Soviet Union from 1947 to 1988. It began with Pakistan refusing Soviet aid and aligning with the US in the 1950s. Relations fluctuated depending on various geopolitical events and alignments, with periods of both cooperation and deterioration. They hit a low point in the late 1970s and 1980s due to Pakistan supporting US efforts in Afghanistan while the Soviet Union occupied the country.

2.  1947: USA & USSR both invited Pakistan at the same time to visit them. Pakistan
refused USSR and visited USA
 1950: USSR helped India in the Kashmir Dispute and also gave economical and
technical support to them.
 1955: Pakistan joined SEATO & CENTO. USSR took this as a firm declaration in the
favor of USA.
 1956: USSR offered Pakistan Government aid at an agreement of breaking alliance
with USA. Pakistan refused
 1960: A spy plane from USA base in Peshawar flew to USSR which was shot down
there. Pakistan was blamed for sending plane.
U-2 Spy Plane

3.  1961: Pakistan’s relations with the USA deteriorated. Soviets agreed to began
exploring oil in Pakistan (turning point to the relations)
 1962: USA helped India in a war with China. The results led Pakistan and USSR
closer
 1963: China began to give aid to Pakistan. USSR doubled that loan up to £11 Million.
USSR also took the Neutral stance in the Kashmir Dispute (earlier it was helping
India undisputedly)
 1965 : Ayub Khan made an official visit to USSR to make an agreement on trade and
oil exploration.
 1966: USSR hosted a peace conference to help Pakistan develop relations with India
Reputation of USSR increased in Asia (Relations developed to its extreme)

1968: Americans decided to close their Air Base in Peshawar, Soviets began to
supply arms to Pakistan. Pakistan was now getting military aids from USA, China
and USSR. This annoyed USSR. (relations started to worsen a bit)

4.  1971: Pakistan helped to arrange a China-USA agreement. Soviet Union was annoyed




as it implied a special relation between USA, China and Pakistan.
Soviet Union signed a treaty of Peace and Co-operation in India guaranteeing Soviet
help if India went to war with Pakistan (Relations Worsened)
1972: Bhutto visited Soviet with a hope to rebuild good relations with USSR. In this
meeting Soviets agreed to build a steel mill to Pakistan (Relations again started
getting better)
1979: USSR wanted the occupation of Afghanistan. Pakistan was helping
Afghanistan with an aid from USA which deteriorated Pakistan’s relations with
United Soviet States of Russia. (Worse Relations)
1984: Cold reception to Zia-ul-Haq when he went to attend a funeral of Andropov
(General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union) in USSR.
1988: Soviet disapproved Pakistan’s Nuclear Program and USSR began bombing
raids on Pakistan. Soviets withdrew from Afghanistan but hostile relations between
Pakistan and USSR continued.
Yuri
Andropov

5.  1971: Pakistan helped to arrange a China-USA agreement. Soviet Union was annoyed




as it implied a special relation between USA, China and Pakistan.
Soviet Union signed a treaty of Peace and Co-operation in India guaranteeing Soviet
help if India went to war with Pakistan (Relations Worsened)
1972: Bhutto visited Soviet with a hope to rebuild good relations with USSR. In this
meeting Soviets agreed to build a steel mill to Pakistan (Relations again started
getting better)
1979: USSR wanted the occupation of Afghanistan. Pakistan was helping
Afghanistan with an aid from USA which deteriorated Pakistan’s relations
with United Soviet States of Russia. (Worse Relations)
1984: Cold reception to Zia-ul-Haq when he went to attend a funeral of Andropov
(General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union) in USSR.
1988: Soviet disapproved Pakistan’s Nuclear Program and USSR began bombing
raids on Pakistan. Soviets withdrew from Afghanistan but hostile relations between
Pakistan and USSR continued.
Yuri
Andropov

7.  1971: Pakistan helped to arrange a China-USA agreement. Soviet Union was annoyed




as it implied a special relation between USA, China and Pakistan.
Soviet Union signed a treaty of Peace and Co-operation in India guaranteeing Soviet
help if India went to war with Pakistan (Relations Worsened)
1972: Bhutto visited Soviet with a hope to rebuild good relations with USSR. In this
meeting Soviets agreed to build a steel mill to Pakistan (Relations again started
getting better)
1979: USSR wanted the occupation of Afghanistan. Pakistan was helping
Afghanistan with an aid from USA which deteriorated Pakistan’s relations with
United Soviet States of Russia. (Worse Relations)
1984: Cold reception to Zia-ul-Haq when he went to attend a funeral of Andropov
(General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union) in USSR.
1988: Soviet disapproved Pakistan’s Nuclear Program and USSR began bombing
raids on Pakistan. Soviets withdrew from Afghanistan but hostile relations between
Pakistan and USSR continued.
Yuri
Andropov