Pakistan's foreign policy from 1962-1979 transitioned from non-alignment to bilateralism. During the transition phase from 1962-1970, Pakistan strengthened relations with China and the USSR after the Sino-Indian war of 1962. The fall of Dhaka in 1971 damaged Pakistan's relations as the USSR withdrew support. From 1972-1979 under Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto, Pakistan pursued bilateral relations with China, the US, and others to balance relations after India's 1974 nuclear tests. However, US cuts to Pakistan in 1979 harmed their foreign policy goals.

2. PAKISTANFOREIGN POLICY IN THE ERA OF
BILATERALISM(1962-1979)

3. FORMAT
1-Defination Of Foreign Policy
2-Transition Phase (1962-1970)
3-Fall Of Dhaka (1970)
4-Bilateralism And Non-Alignment (1972-1979)

4. DEFINITION OF FOREIGN POLICY
• "Relations between sovereign states. It is reflection of domestic
politics and an interaction among sovereign states. It indicates the
principles and preferences on which a country wants to establish
relations with another country."

5. TRANSITION PHASE (1962-1970)
• The Transition Phase started from 1962 to 1970
• After Sino-Indian war in October 1962, the US Policy shifted towards India to
support Indian Military
• Then Pakistan decided to review its foreign policy and relations with socialist
countries on basis of mutual benefits

6. TRANSITION PHASE (1962-1970)
• Pakistan earned prospective relations with china and 30 development project
with USSR for five year plan from 1965-1970
• Trade of equipment and cultural exchanges were included in this five year
plan
• The USSR (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics) helped both states in
September 1965 by giving good offers to both states which ended in peace
agreement known as Tashkent declaration

7. FALL OF DHAKA (1970)
• Bangladesh came into being on DEC 16,1971
• On these days, Dhaka was the capital of Bangladesh
• USSR made agreements with both Indo-Pak state for Asian collective security
plan which was known as Sino-American rapprochement. It was held on July
1972

8. FALL OF DHAKA (1970)
• Due to the cold response of Pakistan in this agreement, the USSR brought its
all support back to India
• The great loss of Pakistan was the fall of Dhaka

9. BILATERALISM AND NON-ALIGNMENT (1972-1979)
• DEFINITION:
“ The political, economic or cultural relations between two
sovereign states is known as bilateralism.”
• It is the development between two or more than two countries
• The relation of Pakistan with China further got prosper during this phase
• Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto visited to Russia to strengthen their relationships

10. BILATERALISM AND NON-ALIGNMENT (1972-1979)
• Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto also visited United States with attention to strengthen the
relationships between two countries
• The balance of power appeared to be disturbed when India detonated
nuclear device in 1974
• Pakistan motivated to look out for nuclear technology

11. BILATERALISM AND NON-ALIGNMENT (1972-1979)
• US convinced France to withdraw from agreement of nuclear reprocessing
plant supply in 1978
• Pakistan had to suffer severely by the suspension of all sorts of economic
assistance and military supplies in April 1979

12. CONCLUSION
• Pakistan regenerate its foreign policy with some great power like
China, United States of America, India and United Arab Emirates
etc.