2. Administration of Hazrat Umar (RA)
Consultation Committee
Political
Land
Army
Police Force
Judicial
Public Treasury
Mosques & Educational Centers
Town Planning
Administrative Offices
Canal Irrigation & Roads
3. 1- Consultation
Hazrat Umar framed the constitution of the
state on the basis of Democracy.
Majlis e Shura,
Majlis e Aam
10. Land Reforms
“Spoils belong to the Victors.” ?
Umar’s (RA) opinion:
Army already had the spoils,
Conquered land should belong to state,
Former occupants would not be dispossessed,
Pay specified taxes to state.
11. 4- Army.
Army was organized a State Department.
Salaries scale decided as per their seniority of
embracing Islam i.e.
Battle of Badr 5,000 dirhams,
Battle of Uhud 4,000 dirhams,
Migrated before the conquest of Mecca 3,000
dirhams,
Embraced Islam at the time of the conquest of
Mecca 2,000 dirhams etc.
12. 4- Army…
Army divided into 2 categories;
(i) Regular Army,
• (ii) Those who could be called whenever needed
Military Centres /'Jund' were constructed at
Madina, Kufa, Basra, Mosul, Fustat, Damascus;
Jordan and Palestine.
These centres uphold barracks, big stables, record
keeping, food stores etc.
The intelligence services in the army were well
organised.
13. 5- Police Force
Police Department known as “Ahdath”
Police officers were known as the “Sahib ul
Ahdath.”
He bought five houses in Makkah and used them
as prisons forming the first jail in Arabia.
Important Instructions;
Let not the people violate the law.
They should not measure or weigh incorrectly.
No one should overload an animal.
Nobody is allowed to sell or buy alcohol.
14. 6- Judicial
Separate Judiciary from the Executive.
The Qazis/Judge were chosen;
Integrity and learning in Islamic law.
High salaries were fixed to avoid bribery.
The Qazis were not allowed to engage in trade.
The eminent Judges were;
Zaid bin Sabit was Qazi of Madina,
Abdullah bin Masud was the Qazi of Kufa.
15. 7- Public Treasury
After consulting the Companions Umar (RA)
decided to establish the Central Treasury at
Madina.
Abdullah bin Arqam was appointed as the
Treasury Officer / Deewan.
The provincial treasuries after meeting expenses
remit the surplus to the central treasury at
Madina.
• The main sources of this treasury were Zakat,
Jizya, Ushar, Fay (crown land), Kharaj (spoils of
war) etc.
16. 8- Mosques & Education
To educate new converts, it became
necessary to construct mosques.
The mosques were not mere places for
offering prayers but these were community
centres.
4000 new mosques were constructed
extending from Persia to Egypt.
Prophet (PBUH)'s mosque in Madina was also
enlarged.
17. 9- Town Planning
Kufa, Basra, and Fustat were laid in according
with the principles of town planning.
Markets were established at convenient
points.
18. 10- Administrative Offices
Administrative offices were build;
Dar-ul-Amarat (Government offices,Residence
etc.)
Buildings known as 'Diwans' were constructed
for the keeping of official records.
Buildings known as Bait-ul-Mal were
constructed to house public treasuries.
19. 11- Canal Irrigation & Roads
• Canals were dug to irrigate fields as well as
provide drinking water for the people.
• Abu Musa Canal was a 9 mile long canal which
brought water from the Tigris to Basra.
• Amir ul Mominin Canal was dug to join the Nile to
the Red Sea.
• Roads and bridges were constructed for public
use.
• On the road from Madina to Mecca, shelters,
wells, and meal houses were constructed at every
stage.
20.
21. Assignment
• Q1: ‘Umar’s caliphate is regarded as the
golden period of early Islamic history.”
Discuss. [4]
• Q2: Suggest ways in which any two of these
administrative measures can provide model to
run Governments today. [4]
