This document provides an overview of factors that influence health and wellness. It discusses the three dimensions of health: physical, mental/emotional, and social. Genetic and behavioral factors that can impact health are described, including genes, nutrition, physical activity, sleep, and substance use. Environmental factors from the physical surroundings, social relationships, media/technology, and economic conditions that influence health are also examined. The document emphasizes that health exists on a continuum and is determined by a combination of individual and environmental factors within a person's control and beyond their control.

1. Chapter 1
Health and Wellness
Fundamentals

2. Lesson
1.1 What Are Health
and Wellness?

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Lesson 1.1 Essential Question
What does it mean to have health and wellness?

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Lesson 1.1 Learning Outcomes
After studying this lesson, you will be able to
• define health, wellness, and well-being;
• analyze how the physical, mental and emotional, and social
dimensions of health are interrelated; and
• explain the status of health as it relates to a continuum.

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• Give a real-life example you think fits into each dimension
of health.
• How might each example also affect the other two
dimensions of health positively or negatively?
Warm-Up Activity
Different Dimensions

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Well-Being
• Ability to function positively and overall
satisfaction that life’s present conditions
are good
• Health—state of complete physical, mental
and emotional, and social well-being
• Wellness—process of identifying one’s state
of health and taking steps to improve it
zakokor/iStock/Getty Images Plus/Getty
Images

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Dimensions of Health and Wellness
• How well the body functions
Physical Health
• How a person observes and interprets information to make decisions, solve problems,
and examine situations
• Expression of thoughts and feelings, including emotions, moods, feelings about one’s
self, and views about the world
Mental and Emotional Health
• How well a person gets along with others
Social Health

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Did You Know?
Interaction of Health Dimensions
• Health dimensions interact with and
affect each other.
• A disturbance in one dimension may
lead to a disturbance in another.
• An improvement in one dimension
may lead to improvements in others.
Mental and
Emotional
Health
Social
Health
Physical
Health

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Measuring Health
Life
expectancy
Length of
time a person
is expected to
live
Life span
Actual
number of
years a
person lives
Quality of life
Extent to
which a
person
experiences a
healthy,
happy, and
fulfilling life

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Myth or Fact?
Health Continuum
• Being healthy and unhealthy are totally different. Either you are
healthy, or you are not.
MYTH
Fact: A person’s health status normally lies somewhere between
the extremes of poor and excellent. This range in health status is
called a continuum.

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The Health Continuum
• Measures health as lying
somewhere between extremes of
poor and excellent
• Ideal status near optimal health
• Illness (overall poor state of health)
at other end of the continuum
• Variety of factors increase and
reduce health
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Thinking Critically
Factors That Increase or Reduce Health
• What are some examples of factors that increase health?
• Quitting smoking, drinking, or using drugs
• Starting a physical activity program
• What are some examples of factors that reduce health?
• Having an illness or injury
• Lack of healthy relationships

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1.1 Lesson Review
1. What are the three dimensions of health and wellness?
• physical health, mental and emotional health, and social health
2. How is quality of life typically assessed?
• using a quality of life index
3. How is the range in health status between extremes of poor and
excellent measured?
• on a continuum

14. Lesson
1.2 Individual Factors
Affecting
Health and
Wellness

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Lesson 1.2 Essential Question
What genetic and behavioral factors influence
health?

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Lesson 1.2 Learning Outcomes
After studying this lesson, you will be able to
• explain how risk and protective factors impact health;
• identify genetic factors; and
• describe the impact that behavioral choices and lifestyle have on
health and wellness.

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• How do the choices you make
each day about nutrition,
physical activity, and
entertainment affect your health
and risk of injury or illness?
• What are two goals you could
set and act on to improve your
health?
Warm-Up Activity
Daily Health
Jane Kelly/Shutterstock.com

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Risk and Protective Factors
• Affect the chance of experiencing a
disease, injury, or decline in health
• Can be modifiable (can be changed)
or nonmodifiable (cannot be changed)
• Understanding aids healthy
decision- making
Risk
factors—
increase
risk
Protective
factors—
decrease
risk

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Genes
• Contain the blueprint for the
structure and function of a
person’s cells
• Composed of deoxyribonucleic
acid (DNA)
• Packaged in chromosomes
• Unique combination inherited
from both parents
Ustyna Shevchuk/Shutterstock.com

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Thinking Critically
Family History
• Since you cannot change the
genes you receive, what are
steps you can take to help
prevent genetically-linked
diseases and disorders?
Todd Warnock/Photodisc/thinkstock.com
Monkey Business
Images/Shutterstock.com

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Genetic Factors
Weight
• Ability to burn calories and store and burn fat
• Appetite and levels of physical activity
Diseases and Disorders
• Immune system and resistance to diseases
• Development of noncommunicable diseases (genetic disorders)
Mental Health Conditions and Illnesses
• Development of mental health conditions and mental illnesses
• Also influenced by environment
Top to Bottom: Rostislav_Sedlacek/Shutterstock.com; Monkey Business Images/Shutterstock.com; New
Africa/Shutterstock.com

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Behavioral Factors
• Choices and behaviors that affect a
person's chance of developing a
disease or health condition
• Often based on values, habits, and
beliefs
• May begin during youth and continue
into adulthood
Brian A Jackson/Shutterstock.com

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Nutrition and Physical Activity
• Risk factors:
• Nutritional excesses
• Nutritional deficiencies
• Protective factor:
• Getting enough physical activity
• Can be modified to promote a
healthier lifestyle
Valeriy_G/iStock/Getty Images Plus/Getty
Images

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Did You Know?
Sleep and Your Health
• Teens need at least eight to 10
hours of sleep each night.
• Lack of sleep
• Reduces resistance to disease
• Impairs motor skills
• Increases risk for mental health
conditions
digitalskillet/iStock/Getty Images Plus/Getty Images

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Other Behavioral Factors
• Tobacco, alcohol, and drug use
• Sexual activity
• Injuries and accidents
• Motor vehicle accidents
• Head injuries due to not wearing
a helmet
• Lack of proper safety measures for
outdoor activities
Poznyakov/Shutterstock.com

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1.2 Lesson Review
1. What are the DNA segments that contain the blueprint for the structure
and function of a person’s cells?
• genes
2. How much sleep do teens need each night?
• at least eight to 10 hours
3. How does blue light from electronic devices affect sleep?
• It can trick the body into an unnatural circadian rhythm by interfering with
how the body produces melatonin.

27. Lesson
1.3 Environmental
Factors Affecting
Health and
Wellness

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Lesson 1.3 Essential Question
What factors in a person’s environment influence
health?

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Lesson 1.3 Learning Outcomes
After studying this lesson, you will be able to
• summarize how factors in a person’s physical environment influence
health;
• analyze the importance of social environment;
• assess the impact of media and technology on teens; and
• describe how economic environment affects health.

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What I
Cannot
Control
What I
Can
Influence
What I
Can
Control
• How much control do you
have over your environment?
• What are some actions you
could take to improve
aspects of the environment
you can control?
Warm-Up Activity
You and the Environment

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• Media and technology
• Economic environment
• Education and income
• Access to health services
• Physical environment
• Climate, geography, pollution
• Home, school, and work
conditions
• Social environment
• Family
• Peers
• Culture and community
Use Your Skills
Analyzing Influences: Environment

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Thinking Critically
Parts of Your Environment
• What are the different
parts of your environment?
Environment
Climate
Workplace
Home
Family and
peers
Culture
Media and
technology
Community

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Climate, Geography, and Pollution
Climate
Overall pattern of
weather
conditions
Geography
Land features and
any bodies of
water present in
an area
Pollution
Presence of waste
in the
environment
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Home, School, and Work Conditions
Exposure
to loud
noises
Flying
debris or
power
tools
Hazardous
chemicals
Exposure
to lead,
radon gas,
and
asbestos
Computer
use
Excessive
time spent
sitting
Lack of
physical
activity
Homelessn
ess

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Social Environment
Family
•Supportive, safe family environment promotes and maintains health of family members
•Unhealthy or abusive family relationships increase risk for health conditions
Peers
•Positive peer relationships reduce risk for health conditions
•Negative or abusive peer relationships are risk factors for anxiety and depression
Culture and Community
•Cultural practices and behaviors affect health and wellness
•Community safely and security affects personal health
•Sense of belonging in a community affects health

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Media and Technology
• Impact your view of yourself,
your family and community, and
the world
• Can influence health decisions
in healthy or unhealthy ways
• Excessive use can lead to
physical, social, and mental and
emotional health issues
Media
Channels
Books
TV
shows
Movies
Radio
or
podcas
ts
Social
media
Ads

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Economic Environment
• Education and income
• Ability to pay for healthcare and other
resources
• Violence in low-income communities
• Access to nutritious food and
opportunities for physical activity
• Access to health services
• Location and affordability of healthcare
facilities and services
• Affected by income, population, and
regional policies
Andrii Spy_k/Shutterstock.com

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1.3 Lesson Review
1. What is the presence of waste in the environment?
• pollution
2. What term refers to the beliefs, values, customs, and arts of a particular
group or society?
• culture
3. How does the correlation between education and health relate to
income?
• People with more education tend to earn more money and thus are better
able to pay for healthcare, activities, and resources that promote health.