The document discusses various coastal landforms created by erosion processes along the coastline. It focuses on the specific example of Old Harry Rocks, located on the Dorset coast in England. Old Harry Rocks consists of two chalk stacks that were formed as the surrounding softer clay was eroded away by waves and other processes over centuries. Hydraulic action, corrosion and abrasion helped erode weaknesses in the chalk cliff and form caves, arches and eventually the remaining stacks that make up Old Harry Rocks today. One of the stacks used to be part of an arch but collapsed, becoming a stump. The document analyzes how these specific landforms were formed through coastal erosion.

1. Erosional landforms: Headlands

2. Match the keyword with its meaning Coast The maximum distance over which waves can travel is known as the… Fetch One of the erosion processes that involves large waves hurtling beach material at a cliff is called…….. Corrasion The landform created along stretches of less resistant coastlines (i.e. areas made of clay) are known as……. Bays The name given to waves with a weak swash but strong backwash is…… Destructive The process that involves beach material being dropped is more technically known as…. Deposition What is the name given to the predominant force affecting the coastal landscape of the UK……. Prevailing Winds The process that carries material up and down the beach is known as……. Longshore Drift What is the name of the process that carries / returns wave energy back down the beach Backswash The erosion process that breaks up large boulders into small particles by bumping them against each other is known as….. Attrition The areas of land left protruding into the sea as they are more resistant to wave erosion are called….. Headlands The force of waves compressing air into cracks in a cliff is an erosion process called… Hydraulic Action Coastlines can dissolved by salts and acids in seawater. This is also known as…. Corrosion The narrow contact zone between land and sea is more commonly called the…

5. Headland erosion

7. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Add a label alongside your pop-up showing what they are: fault, wave-cut notch, cave, arch, stack, stump thanks to Tony Cassidy

9. Old Harry Rocks and Ballard Down. What processes created this? What landform is this?

10. Durdle Door Arch in Dorset What landform is this? How was this created?

11. The Needles, Isle of Wight What landforms are these? How will they change over time?

12. Birchington-on-Sea What landform is this?

13. Case study: Old Harry Rocks

15. Old Harry Rocks, Near Swanage, Dorset Old Harry Rocks are found at Handfast Point at one of the headlands enclosing Swanage Bay . The chalk headland in fact once formed a land bridge between the mainland and the Isle of Wight.

17. What can you tell from the map? What might happened here in the future?.......... ................................ What feature is this? ........................... What feature is this? ...........................

21. Further erosion causes the arch to enlarge and become unstable. Hydraulic action and abrasion takes place. The area is known as the Isle of Purbeck. It is on the Jurassic Coast. Chalk is a more resistant rock than clay. The wave-cut notch undercuts the cliff above, making it unstable. The stack is still eroded and will eventually collapse and become a stump. A column of rock is left standing on its own. This is a stack. Most of this area is clay. Most wave erosion happens at the base of the cliff. This stack is called ‘Old Harry’. The arch eventually collapses under it’s own weight. A wave-cut notch is eroded along the cliff base between high and low tides. Because the headland juts out in to the sea, it takes the full force of wave erosion. When chalk is formed, it contains joints which means it has areas of weakness. Wave erosion picks out the areas of weakness in the chalk cliffs and splits rocks apart in to cracks. Caves develop on both sides of the headland. Several lines of weakness go right through the headland cliff, wave action can erode these. Small faults (cracks) are formed. Small caves are formed. Wave erosion enlarges the caves. Old Harry Rocks are in Dorset. Chalk does not crumble away as easily as clay. Caves are eroded so far back in to the headland that they meet in the middle and a hole is created that goes through. This creates an arch. Old Harry’s wife is a stump. She was created when a stack collapsed a long time ago. The headland is made of chalk.

24. The Durdle Door arch

25. Lulworth Cove Stair Hole, left. Lulworth Cove, Dorset right and below Lulworth Cove is a horseshoe shaped bay that formed because the inland rocks are less resistant than the headland. It is obvious how different rock types are affected at different rates.