This document provides information on various coastal landforms and erosion processes. It defines key terms like headlands, bays, fetch, corrasion, deposition, longshore drift, backwash, attrition, hydraulic action, and corrosion. It also matches these terms to their meanings. The document discusses how differing rock properties lead to different coastal landform shapes. It specifically examines how headlands, cliffs, and wave-cut platforms are formed through erosion processes acting on resistant and weak rocks over time.

1. Erosional landforms:
Headlands

2. Coast The maximum distance over which waves can travel is known as the…
Fetch One of the erosion processes that involves large waves hurtling beach
material at a cliff is called……..
Corrasion The landform created along stretches of less resistant coastlines (i.e.
areas made of clay) are known as…….
Bays The name given to waves with a weak swash but strong backwash is……
Destructive The process that involves beach material being dropped is more
technically known as….
Deposition What is the name given to the predominant force affecting the coastal
landscape of the UK…….
Prevailing Winds The process that carries material up and down the beach is known
as…….
Longshore Drift What is the name of the process that carries / returns wave energy back
down the beach
Backswash The erosion process that breaks up large boulders into small particles by
bumping them against each other is known as…..
Attrition The areas of land left protruding into the sea as they are more resistant
to wave erosion are called…..
Headlands The force of waves compressing air into cracks in a cliff is an erosion
process called…
Hydraulic Action Coastlines can dissolved by salts and acids in seawater. This is also
known as….
Corrosion The narrow contact zone between land and sea is more commonly called
the…
Match the keyword with its meaning

3. Headland landforms
The different properties of rocks means they are
more or less resistant to erosion.
This means they will change shape in different
ways.
Watch the animation of headland landforms being
created. headland animation

4. Pop-up headlands
Follow the instructions to make a pop-up headland
that shows caves, arches, stacks, etc.

5. http://www.flickr.com/photos/sacherfire/21711
3480/

6. 1
You need your template.
This will represent a
chalk headland.

8. 2
Using a blue crayon -colour the outsidehorizontal strips- theserepresent the sea.

9. 3
Using a green crayon-
colour the middle
horizontal strip- this
represents the top of
the headland- exposed
to weathering.

10. 4 Just above the
horizontal blue lines-
shade a grey line- make
sure it reaches the top
of the wave-cut notch.
This represents wave
action between high and
low tide.

11. 5
Carefully cut out all the
black areas on the
template- with the
exception of the wave-
cut notch.
Don’t cut off your stump!

12. 6
It should look like this...

13. 7 Using a ruler, carefully
fold the horizontal lines.

14. 8
Like this...

15. 9 Glue along the two blue
horizontal strips- on thereverse!

16. 10
Position the green strip overthe centre fold of your book.Gently glue down the bluehorizontal strip- the one withthe stump.- Practice yourpositioning first.

17. 11
Carefully practice folding
the model... are the folds
the right way?

18. 12
Finally, glue the final
blue strip down. Practice
the positioning first...

19. 13 Gently close your book...

20. 14
Magic...

21. 1
2
3
4 5
6
Add a label alongside your
pop-up showing what they
are: fault, wave-cut notch,
cave, arch, stack, stump

22. Complete the sentences
Hydraulic action affects headlands by eroding
weak ............ in the rocks.
Firstly, a .............. ..................... is created.
This is eroded more over time to become a ...........
Hydraulic action, corrosion, abrasion and attrition work
to erode the cave to become an .................
Eventually the arch ............... under its own weight
This leaves a ................ standing on its own
Over time, weathering and erosion ................. the stack
and it collapses to form a small ................. .
stump collapses undercut arch
stack faults (cracks) wave-cut notch cave

23. Cliffs and wave-cut platforms
Cliffs are steep rock faces along the
coastline, they form along coastlines with
resistant harder rocks such as chalk
Wave-cut platforms are rocky ledges on
the beach left behind after a cliff
collapses. They become smooth over time
with erosion.

24. CLIFFS AND WAVE-CUT PLATFORMS
So how do cliffs and wave-cut platforms form?
 The erosion of a cliff is greatest at its base where large waves
break - hydraulic action, abrasion and attrition constantly
undercut the foot of the cliff
 This forms a dent called a wave-cut notch
 The cliff face is also affected by abrasion as rock fragments
are hurled against the cliff by the breaking waves.
 The undercutting continues and eventually the overhanging cliff
becomes so heavy it collapses downwards - this process
continues over time and the cliff gradually retreats inland and
becomes steeper.
 As the cliff retreats, a gently-sloping rocky platform is left at
the base, this is known as a wave-cut platform which is exposed
at low tide.

26. Using the keywords below
and the diagrams from p6
‘Tomorrow’s Geography’,
produce a four picture step-
by-step storyboard
explaining the processes that
produces a wave cut
platform.
High Tide
Low Tide
Wave Cut Notch
Corrasion
Retreat
Wave cut
platform
Cliff
Hydraulic
Action

27. Wave cut platforms
Copy the exam question into your books, then
answer it:
“With reference to erosion processes, explain how
wave-cut platforms are formed” {4marks}

28. How does geology influence landforms?
The different properties of rocks means they are
more or less resistant to erosion.
This means they will change shape in different
ways.
Watch the animation of a headland being formed.
animation.html

29. Jurassic Coast:
Swanage Bay
 Differing rock hardness is
picked out and
exaggerated by wave
action.
 The hard rocks form
headlands and the softer
rocks form bays.
 Currents are weaker in the
bays so beach sediments
are deposited.

30. What can you tell from the map?
The map above shows the stretch of coastline to the west of
Lulworth Cove. The features along this stretch provide
excellent examples of landforms forming on destructive
coastlines. What features can you identify?

31. What can you tell from the map?
What feature
is
this? ...................
....
What feature
is
this? ...................
........
What feature
is
this? ...................
........

32. YOUR CASE STUDY: Erosion landform
Old Harry Rocks
The Old Harry Rocks are two chalk stacks located at on
the Dorset coast in England
About 4 km NE of Swanage
The rocks are part of the Jurassic Coast
The cliff is chalk, with some bands of flint, which have
been gradually eroded over the centuries, Some of the
earlier stacks have fallen away
(Old Harry's original wife fell
in 1896), while new ones have
been formed.
Old Harry and his Wife

33. Old Harry Rocks
Watch the animation

34. Old Harry Rocks story cards
Read the information cards you have been given
Cut them up, and stick them in to your books in an
order that tells the story of what created Old
Harry and his wife.
Order:
1)Introduction to Old Harry Rocks (background
info, location)
2)What created Old Harry, step-by-step

35. The headland is to the
north of Swanage Bay.
Hydraulic action and
abrasion takes place.
The area is known as the
Isle of Purbeck. It is on
the Jurassic Coast.
Chalk is a more resistant
rock than clay.
The wave-cut notch
undercuts the cliff above,
making it unstable.
The stack is still eroded
and will eventually collapse
and become a stump.
A column of rock is left
standing on its own. This is
a stack.
Most of this area is clay.
Most wave erosion happens
at the base of the cliff.
Wave erosion takes place
between the high tide
mark and low tide mark.
The arch eventually
collapses under it’s own
weight.
A wave-cut notch is eroded
along the cliff base
between high and low tides.
Because the headland juts
out in to the sea, it takes
the full force of wave
erosion.
When chalk is formed, it
contains joints which
means it has areas of
weakness.
Wave erosion picks out the
areas of weakness in the
chalk cliffs and splits
rocks apart in to cracks.
Caves develop on both
sides of the headland.
Old Harry already lost one
‘wife’ in 1896 when she
collapsed.
Small cracks are formed. Small caves are formed.
Wave erosion enlarges the
caves.
Old Harry Rocks are in
Dorset.
Several lines of weakness
go right through the
headland cliff, wave action
can erode these.
Caves are eroded so far
back in to the headland
that they meet in the
middle and a hole is
created that goes through.
This creates an arch.
Further erosion causes the
arch to enlarge and become
unstable.
The headland is made of
chalk.
Chalk does not crumble
away as easily as clay.
This stack is called ‘Old
Harry’.
Caves, arches and stacks
cannot be formed in clay.
Old Harry’s wife is a
stump. She was created
when a stack collapsed a
long time ago.

36. Homework reminder
Extended homework sheet
This does not mean leave it to the last minute
Each week I want an update on what you have
found out so far.
This should be a detailed project
Due:
See www.priorygcse.wordpress.com for help

37. Keyword bingo
Match up the keyword with my description
5 in a row
You must also be able to explain the keyword in
your own words to win