The dominant sporophyte stage of gymnosperms is the mature tree. It produces both male and female cones, with the male cones producing pollen grains and the female cones being larger. Pollination occurs when pollen grains are carried by wind to the female cones and form pollen tubes to fertilize eggs deep within the protective tissues, forming zygotes that develop into embryos surrounded by food storage tissue.

1. GYMNOSPERMS REPRODUCTION AND LIFE CYCLE THE NAKED SEEDS

8. THE CONIFER LIFE CYCLE NAKED SEEDS  BIG TREES

14. Pollen grains