Plants are vital for life on Earth. They convert sunlight into food through photosynthesis, produce oxygen, regulate climate, provide habitats for other organisms, and give us food, materials and medicines. Plants live in almost every habitat and maintain the balance of gases in the atmosphere. They come in a huge variety and have complex structures adapted for reproduction, growth and survival.

1. INTRODUCING PLANTS

4. … . they give us some beautiful artistic moments!

5. VARIETY

6. MORE VARIETY

7. HABITATS

8. MORE HABITATS

9. PLANTS AND THE SUN Plants turn the sun’s energy ……… into food This is called………. Photosynthesis

10. PLANTS ARE ALSO HABITATS

13. …. IN SCOTLAND Barley is used to make ….

14. AND…… Plant-based dyes are used for…..

16. PLANTS TREAT CANCER It is thought that at least 2000 plants may contain chemicals which can help to treat cancer This is the purple coneflower

17. PLANTS CLEAR YOUR HEAD This is the titfruit. Its extract can clear blocked sinuses

18. MORE PLANT MEDICINES… Plants can be used for hormone replacement This is squawberry juice being extracted Plants can help with urinary infections This is saw palmetto used for cystitis and Prostate problems in men

19. DO YOU KNOW THIS ONE ?

21. PLANTS ARE SO INTERESTING….. These american native indians even worship their cacti….

22. SO…… PLANTS ARE ? Much more complex and varied than you knew

23. “ World of plants” will show you how and why .

25. ENDANGERED SPECIES

28. EVEN FLOWERS !

38. …. The embryo starts to grow You can see the root starting To grow downwards

40. …. The root grows hairs We can see the root hairs starting to grow

42. Wheat seed Root hairs Fragile parts of cells that grow from the main root They massively increase the surface area for absorption

43. Root hair cells (x150)

44. Root ‘B’ has had the hairs damaged -

48. CRESS SEEDS GERMINATING

49. REPRODUCTION IN FLOWERING PLANTS

50. Floral diversity THEY ALL LOOK DIFFERENT…BUT ALL HAVE THE SAME PARTS FOR REPRODUCTION…

74. Root hair cells Plant roots are made of “root hair cells” which have a large surface area and a thin cell membrane to help absorb the minerals: Thin cell membrane Large surface area

75. Plant A Plant B Both plants were planted at the same time and left to grow on the same window sill for the same length of time. Why do you think that plant A is so much bigger than plant B?

80. The Three Main Minerals Needed by Plants. A small plant with yellow older leaves. To make proteins Nitrate Symptom if deficient Why its needed Mineral Yellow leaves with dead bits Helps chemicals in the plant work properly. Potassium Poor root growth and purple younger leaves Needed for photosynthesis and respiration Phosphate

87. Close up of Hibiscus rosa xylem

89. Phloem tubes

91. Transverse section of a stem

93. A root tip showing root hairs

96. Leaves

99. Structure Wide Helps to catch more light energy Thin Help get carbon dioxide from bottom to top of leaf for photosynthesis

100. Leaf structure Greener on top CO 2 gets in here

101. Leaf diagram – palisade layer CO 2 Most chlorophyll

103. Plant cells have three “extra” things than animal cells: Both types of cell have these: Only plant cells have these: 4) Cell wall – provides support Large Vacuole – contains sap Chloroplasts – contain chlorophyll 1) 5) 6) 2) 3) Cell Membrane – holds the cell together Cytoplasm - this is where the reactions happen Nucleus – The “brain” of the cell

105. Leaf diagram – stoma and guard cells

106. Stoma position

107. Stoma is a small hole Its size is controlled by 2 guard cells closed open

108. Stoma function is for gas exchange in the leaf Carbon dioxide oxygen Guard cell Provided plant is photosynthesising

109. Stomata open and close at different times of the day When it is light the plant needs CO 2 for photosynthesis so the stoma open At night (darkness) they close

110. Gas exchange

112. Four things are needed for photosynthesis: Travels up from the roots WATER CARBON DIOXIDE Enters the leaf through small holes on the underneath SUNLIGHT Gives the plant energy CHLOROPHYLL The green stuff where the chemical reactions happen

113. The word and chemical equations for photosynthesis: Carbon dioxide + water glucose + oxygen 6CO 2 + 6H 2 0 C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 Sunlight Chlorophyll Sunlight Chlorophyll