Gymnosperms are seed plants that produce naked seeds, not enclosed in fruits. They include trees like giant sequoias and conifers like pine trees, as well as shrubs. Gymnosperms are some of the oldest land plants, with cycads dating back 175 million years. While most gymnosperms are trees with needle-like or scale-like leaves, some like ginkos and welwitschia are also shrubs. Conifers are the most common gymnosperms seen today, reproducing through cones that hold either pollen-producing male cones or ovule-containing female cones.
Presentation on Gymnosperms. Prepared by Rahmat Alam Puniyali, Student of BS IV at Karakoram International University Gilgit, Pakistan. Photos of related plants are taken by the creator at KIU (Karakoram International University) campus.
(Some of the pictures and diagrams are taken from the websites of their resembling organizations (The McGraw-Hill Companies))
Gymnosperm is from the Greek “gymnos” naked, and “sperma” seeds. They are groups of vascular plants that reproduce by means of an exposed seeds or ovules. They are phanerogams according to A. W. Eichler.
Presentation on Gymnosperms. Prepared by Rahmat Alam Puniyali, Student of BS IV at Karakoram International University Gilgit, Pakistan. Photos of related plants are taken by the creator at KIU (Karakoram International University) campus.
(Some of the pictures and diagrams are taken from the websites of their resembling organizations (The McGraw-Hill Companies))
Gymnosperm is from the Greek “gymnos” naked, and “sperma” seeds. They are groups of vascular plants that reproduce by means of an exposed seeds or ovules. They are phanerogams according to A. W. Eichler.
Pteridophyta or Pteridophytes are Vascular Plants (also known as "seedless plants") that reproduce and disperse via spores. They do not produce either seeds or flowers.
Additional info:
+ Division Equisetophyta (horsetails & scouring rushes)
+ Division Psilotophyta (whisk ferns)
(This is our report in Botany 2.)
Made by: Sharmine Ballesteros (BS Biology 2A2-1)
Pteridophytes are vascular plants and have leaves (known as fronds), roots and sometimes true stems, and tree ferns have full trunks. Examples include ferns, horsetails and club-mosses. Fronds in the largest species of ferns can reach some six metres in length!
Many ferns from tropical rain forests are epiphytes, which means they only grow on other plant species; their water comes from the damp air or from rainfall running down branches and tree trunks. There are also some purely aquatic ferns such as water fern or water velvet (Salvinia molesta) and mosquito ferns (Azolla species).
Pteridophytes do not have seeds or flowers either, instead they also reproduce via spores.
There are around 13,000 species of Pteridophytes.
Kingdom Plantae presented by Vrushali Gharat to Mr. Kailash vilegaveKailash Vilegave
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Seeding Plants for the School Garden
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For more information, Please see websites below:
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http://scribd.com/doc/239851214
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Double Food Production from your School Garden with Organic Tech
http://scribd.com/doc/239851079
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http://scribd.com/doc/239851159`
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http://scribd.com/doc/239851159
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Healthy Foods Dramatically Improves Student Academic Success
http://scribd.com/doc/239851348
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City Chickens for your Organic School Garden
http://scribd.com/doc/239850440
`
Simple Square Foot Gardening for Schools - Teacher Guide
http://scribd.com/doc/239851110
Gymnosperms are a diverse group that includes about 1,000 species, organized into four main orders: Coniferales (conifers), Cycadales (cycads), Ginkgoales (ginkgoes), and Gnetales (a small group including Ephedra and others).
Some gymnosperm species are endangered or threatened due to habitat loss and other factors. Conservation efforts are in place to protect and preserve these ancient plants.
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The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
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The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
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Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
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1. Gymonosperms mean naked seed. Seeds produced by gymnosperms like this Giant Sequoia. Most gymnosperms are trees, some are shrubs,most have needlelike or scalelike leaves.
2. Gymnosperms are the oldest type of land plant. Cycads are about 175 million years old. They look like palm trees which produce cones. They grow in tropical regions. In Mexico the cone is used to make tortillas.
3. Ginkos are also a very old gymnosperm. They were originally from China and Japan. Today they are found on many city streets because they can tolerate pollution.
4. You probably will never see this gymnosperm. This is known as a plant. It lives in the deserts of the western U.S. and Southern Africa.
5. Conifers are typical gymnosperms you see everyday. The oldest conifer living today is 4,900 years old. Conifers reproduce with cones. These are male cones and they produce Pollen. Female cones like the ones on the right produce an Ovule. The ovule contains the egg. The fertilization of the egg by the sperm produces a zygote. This is a result of pollination.
