This document provides information about gymnosperms. It defines gymnosperms as seed bearing vascular plants whose seeds are not enclosed in an ovary. They are classified into four phyla - coniferophyta, cycadophyta, ginkgophyta and gnetophyta. Coniferophyta is the largest gymnosperm phylum and includes conifers like pines and firs. Cycads are seed plants concentrated in equatorial regions. Ginkgos produce bad smelling fruits and are used as medicinal plants. Gnetophytes are closely related to conifers. Gymnosperms provide ecological and economic benefits such as lumber, paper, and habitat for wildlife.

1. Gymnosperms
1. Rashed Iqbal- ASH1819027M
2. Ayshiti sharkar- MUH1819035F
3. Tamanna tammi-MUH1819007F
4. I.M.M. imon ali- ASH1819032M
5. Sukta rani das- MUH1819008F

2. What are Gymnosperms?
Gymnosperms are seed bearing vascular plants
Gymnosperms means “naked seed” (from the
Greek:gymnos=naked; sperms=seed)
Seeds are formed naked
The seeds of the gymnosperms lack a protective enclosure (unlike
flowering plants which have flowers and fruit)
Seeds are produced on the scales of cones
More advanced than ferns because they do not have spores, they
have seeds

3. General features
 Most of the gymnosperms are tree
 Some are evergreen, i.e. pine
 All gymnosperms have exposed seeds
 All of them don’t possess flower
 Mostly massive

4. Classification
Gymnosperms belong to 4 different phyla.
Which are-
i. Coniferophyta
ii. Cycadophyta
iii.Ginkgophyta
iv.Gnetophyta

5. Coniferophyta
• The term conifer comes from
the reproduction structure
• About 550 species

6. Coniferophyta
Coniferophyta is the largest gymnosperm phylum
• Conifers include pines, firs, spruces, Yews, Junipers, cedars, cypress, and Redwoods

7. Many conifers are evergreen(Norway Spruce)

8. They have long, thin needle shaped leaves(cypress)

9. Well adapted in drier climate

10. cycadophyta

11. cycadophyta
Seed plants made up of only three living families
Members are scattered around the globe but are
restricted to tropical or subtropical climate
The cycads radiated and spread widely in the early
Mesozoic
Dioecius

12. ginkgophyta

13. ginkgophyta
 Ginkos produce bad smelling fruites
 Used as medicinal plants

14. gnetophyta

15. gnetophyta
1.They are closely related with conifers
2.This likeness leads scientists to believe that gnetales
are evolved from conifers
3.Though they are non-flowering plants, gnetales have
a reproductive structure similar to that of flowering
plants

16. Habitat of gymnosperms
Occupy large areas of the Earth’s surface
Can grow in drier conditions
Gnetophytes grow at high altitudes
Cycads are distributed throughout the world but are concentrated in
equatorial regions
Gymnosperms that occupy areas of the world with severe climatic
condition are adapted to conserving water;
• Leaves are covered with a heavy, waxy cuticle
• And pores(stomata) are sunken below the leaf surface to decrease
the rate of evaporation

17. Life Cycle

18. Importance of Gymnosperms
Ecological importance
 Provide food and habitat for wild life
 Forests prevent soil erosion
 Reduce green house gases
 Conifers are often featured in
gardens
 Junipers are low-growing shrubs and
are cultivated to cover grounds
 Conifers are affected wind breakers
Economical importance
 They are major source of lumber,
paper pulp, turpentine and resins
 They are used as fuel
 They are major source of world's
timber
 Used as medicines (ginkgos)
 Source of food(Pine Nuts)
 Gymnospermous plants are widely
used as ornamentals

19. Thank you

20. Any Questions?