It is called as “living fossil”
The whole order is extincted except one species Ginkgo biloba
This order was occurred in Triassic periods of Mesozoic age (200,000,000 years ago)
This order consists of 16 genera and many species (all in fossil forms except one)
It is called as “living fossil”
The whole order is extincted except one species Ginkgo biloba
This order was occurred in Triassic periods of Mesozoic age (200,000,000 years ago)
This order consists of 16 genera and many species (all in fossil forms except one)
Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification
APG I
APG II
APG III
APG IV
Molecular Based system
features and organization
Merits and demerits
Difference in APG system.
Ginkgo is known as a Living Fossil.Anatomy of Ginkgo clearly shows primary and secondary structures. sex in Ginkgo is determined by sex chromosomes (XY in male and XX in female). Reproductive bodies of Ginkgo are most primitive among living seed plants except some Cycadales. Ginkgos are dioecious, with separate sexes, some trees being female and others being male. Male plants produce small pollen cones with sporophylls, each bearing two microsporangia spirally arranged around a central axis. Female plants do not produce cones. Two ovules are formed at the end of a stalk, and after pollination, one or both develop into seeds. The fertilization of ginkgo seeds occurs via motile sperm, as in cycads, ferns, mosses and algae.
* The Gymnosperms originated in the Devonian period of the Palaeozoic Era and formed the supreme vegetation in the Mesozoic Era.
* It was Robert Brown (1827) who first recognised gymnosperms as a separate entity among plant kingdom.
The "Telome theory" of Walter Zimmermann (1930, 1952) is the most accepted theory that is based on fossil record and synthesizes the major steps in the evolution of vascular plants.
It describes how the primitive type of vascular plants developed from Rhynia like plants.
Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification
APG I
APG II
APG III
APG IV
Molecular Based system
features and organization
Merits and demerits
Difference in APG system.
Ginkgo is known as a Living Fossil.Anatomy of Ginkgo clearly shows primary and secondary structures. sex in Ginkgo is determined by sex chromosomes (XY in male and XX in female). Reproductive bodies of Ginkgo are most primitive among living seed plants except some Cycadales. Ginkgos are dioecious, with separate sexes, some trees being female and others being male. Male plants produce small pollen cones with sporophylls, each bearing two microsporangia spirally arranged around a central axis. Female plants do not produce cones. Two ovules are formed at the end of a stalk, and after pollination, one or both develop into seeds. The fertilization of ginkgo seeds occurs via motile sperm, as in cycads, ferns, mosses and algae.
* The Gymnosperms originated in the Devonian period of the Palaeozoic Era and formed the supreme vegetation in the Mesozoic Era.
* It was Robert Brown (1827) who first recognised gymnosperms as a separate entity among plant kingdom.
The "Telome theory" of Walter Zimmermann (1930, 1952) is the most accepted theory that is based on fossil record and synthesizes the major steps in the evolution of vascular plants.
It describes how the primitive type of vascular plants developed from Rhynia like plants.
Plants are the living organisms present on the earth. These are identified by their foliage, profile, color, etc. The anatomy of most plants contain roots, stems, leaves, flowers, etc.
Answer and describe the following five plants habit, habitat, life .pdfarihantpatna
Answer and describe the following five plants: habit, habitat, life span, throns, spines or prickles,
infloresences, leaves (complexity, attachment to stem, arrangement, blade shape, margin, apex,
base, venation and trichomes). Other interesting facts.
1. Isomeris arboea (Bladderpod) - Drought tolerant plant
2. Sinningia macrostachya
3. Ceropegia dichotoma
4. Lilium longiflorum
5. Peperomia verticiliata
Solution
I. Isomeris arboea
Also known as Bladderpod, Burrofat and California cleome.This plant is a fast-growing
evergreen dicot shrub from the family Capparaceae. It is a dense shrub with profuse branching
and small hairs/trichomes. It normally grows in well-draining rocky areas with good exposure to
sunlight. It is found in Southern Sierra Nevada Foothills, Tehachapi Mountain area, San Joaquin
Valley,Central Coast, South Coast, Channel Islands, Deserts, and Baja,CA
Habitat - Coastal bluffs, hills, desert washes, flats below 3,900\'
Height by Width: 3-4\' H x 4\' W
Stems - profusely branched; glabrate or puberulent (bark corky, twigs smooth)
inflorescence: The plant produces abundant inflorescences at the ends of the stem branches, each
a cluster of bright yellow flowers. Each flower has usually four petals and six whiskery
protruding stamens with curling tips holding the anthers. The fruit is an inflated capsule about 4
centimeters long and usually oval in shape. It is smooth and green when new, aging to light
brown. Fruits when dry, resemble a paper lantern that rattles (the seeds inside the dried fruit
rattle around). The flowers are dense terminal racemes. The calyx is four-cleft and the sepals are
fused in the basal half. It has four petals ½” long, 6 yellow stamens that are long and a pistil with
a short style. Sepals persistent, connate ca. 1/2 of length, green, lanceolate, 4–7 × 2.2–4 mm,
margins entire, glabrous; petals yellow, ovate-elliptic, 8–14 × 4.2–5 mm, (apex acute); stamens
yellow, 15–25 mm; anthers 2–2.5 mm; gynophore (reflexed), 10–20 mm in fruit; ovary 3–6 mm
(often aborting in bud); style 0.9–1.2 mm. Capsules (tardily dehiscent), usually inflated ,(valves
sometimes 3), 20–30 × 6–12 mm, smooth. Seeds 5–25, dark brown, obovoid, 6–7 × 5–6 mm,
smooth.
Leaves: Its leaves are made up of three equal leaflike leaflets, each a long, pointed oval 1-4 cm
long. The leaves are alternate, entire, petiolate and trifoliate with leaflets that are oblong-elliptic
with small pointed tips. petiole 1–3 cm; leaflets 3, blade oblong-elliptic, 1.5–4.5 × 0.4–1.3 cm,
margins serrate, apex acuminate to obtuse, surfaces glaucous. Racemes 1–3 cm (6–40 cm in
fruit); bracts unifoliate, obovate to spatulate, 2–15 mm. Pedicels 7–15 mm (thickened in fruit).
extra information:
II. Sinningia macrostachya
Family: Gesneriaceae
Popular names – leather leaf, Gloxinia
Sinningia macrostachya has a perennial stem base, very stiff leaves, and numerous small orange
flowers. Its fleshy stems are joined to the woody trunk. Each year, the woody part of the stems
exten.
Mulberry is a perennial , depending upon the type of cultivation it’s efficiency and utility, the success of sericulture depends. Hence through this SlideShare the morphology of the plant is studied.
WRI’s brand new “Food Service Playbook for Promoting Sustainable Food Choices” gives food service operators the very latest strategies for creating dining environments that empower consumers to choose sustainable, plant-rich dishes. This research builds off our first guide for food service, now with industry experience and insights from nearly 350 academic trials.
Micro RNA genes and their likely influence in rice (Oryza sativa L.) dynamic ...Open Access Research Paper
Micro RNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs molecules having approximately 18-25 nucleotides, they are present in both plants and animals genomes. MiRNAs have diverse spatial expression patterns and regulate various developmental metabolisms, stress responses and other physiological processes. The dynamic gene expression playing major roles in phenotypic differences in organisms are believed to be controlled by miRNAs. Mutations in regions of regulatory factors, such as miRNA genes or transcription factors (TF) necessitated by dynamic environmental factors or pathogen infections, have tremendous effects on structure and expression of genes. The resultant novel gene products presents potential explanations for constant evolving desirable traits that have long been bred using conventional means, biotechnology or genetic engineering. Rice grain quality, yield, disease tolerance, climate-resilience and palatability properties are not exceptional to miRN Asmutations effects. There are new insights courtesy of high-throughput sequencing and improved proteomic techniques that organisms’ complexity and adaptations are highly contributed by miRNAs containing regulatory networks. This article aims to expound on how rice miRNAs could be driving evolution of traits and highlight the latest miRNA research progress. Moreover, the review accentuates miRNAs grey areas to be addressed and gives recommendations for further studies.
UNDERSTANDING WHAT GREEN WASHING IS!.pdfJulietMogola
Many companies today use green washing to lure the public into thinking they are conserving the environment but in real sense they are doing more harm. There have been such several cases from very big companies here in Kenya and also globally. This ranges from various sectors from manufacturing and goes to consumer products. Educating people on greenwashing will enable people to make better choices based on their analysis and not on what they see on marketing sites.
Natural farming @ Dr. Siddhartha S. Jena.pptxsidjena70
A brief about organic farming/ Natural farming/ Zero budget natural farming/ Subash Palekar Natural farming which keeps us and environment safe and healthy. Next gen Agricultural practices of chemical free farming.
Characterization and the Kinetics of drying at the drying oven and with micro...Open Access Research Paper
The objective of this work is to contribute to valorization de Nephelium lappaceum by the characterization of kinetics of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum. The seeds were dehydrated until a constant mass respectively in a drying oven and a microwawe oven. The temperatures and the powers of drying are respectively: 50, 60 and 70°C and 140, 280 and 420 W. The results show that the curves of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum do not present a phase of constant kinetics. The coefficients of diffusion vary between 2.09.10-8 to 2.98. 10-8m-2/s in the interval of 50°C at 70°C and between 4.83×10-07 at 9.04×10-07 m-8/s for the powers going of 140 W with 420 W the relation between Arrhenius and a value of energy of activation of 16.49 kJ. mol-1 expressed the effect of the temperature on effective diffusivity.
Diabetes is a rapidly and serious health problem in Pakistan. This chronic condition is associated with serious long-term complications, including higher risk of heart disease and stroke. Aggressive treatment of hypertension and hyperlipideamia can result in a substantial reduction in cardiovascular events in patients with diabetes 1. Consequently pharmacist-led diabetes cardiovascular risk (DCVR) clinics have been established in both primary and secondary care sites in NHS Lothian during the past five years. An audit of the pharmaceutical care delivery at the clinics was conducted in order to evaluate practice and to standardize the pharmacists’ documentation of outcomes. Pharmaceutical care issues (PCI) and patient details were collected both prospectively and retrospectively from three DCVR clinics. The PCI`s were categorized according to a triangularised system consisting of multiple categories. These were ‘checks’, ‘changes’ (‘change in drug therapy process’ and ‘change in drug therapy’), ‘drug therapy problems’ and ‘quality assurance descriptors’ (‘timer perspective’ and ‘degree of change’). A verified medication assessment tool (MAT) for patients with chronic cardiovascular disease was applied to the patients from one of the clinics. The tool was used to quantify PCI`s and pharmacist actions that were centered on implementing or enforcing clinical guideline standards. A database was developed to be used as an assessment tool and to standardize the documentation of achievement of outcomes. Feedback on the audit of the pharmaceutical care delivery and the database was received from the DCVR clinic pharmacist at a focus group meeting.
Willie Nelson Net Worth: A Journey Through Music, Movies, and Business Venturesgreendigital
Willie Nelson is a name that resonates within the world of music and entertainment. Known for his unique voice, and masterful guitar skills. and an extraordinary career spanning several decades. Nelson has become a legend in the country music scene. But, his influence extends far beyond the realm of music. with ventures in acting, writing, activism, and business. This comprehensive article delves into Willie Nelson net worth. exploring the various facets of his career that have contributed to his large fortune.
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Introduction
Willie Nelson net worth is a testament to his enduring influence and success in many fields. Born on April 29, 1933, in Abbott, Texas. Nelson's journey from a humble beginning to becoming one of the most iconic figures in American music is nothing short of inspirational. His net worth, which estimated to be around $25 million as of 2024. reflects a career that is as diverse as it is prolific.
Early Life and Musical Beginnings
Humble Origins
Willie Hugh Nelson was born during the Great Depression. a time of significant economic hardship in the United States. Raised by his grandparents. Nelson found solace and inspiration in music from an early age. His grandmother taught him to play the guitar. setting the stage for what would become an illustrious career.
First Steps in Music
Nelson's initial foray into the music industry was fraught with challenges. He moved to Nashville, Tennessee, to pursue his dreams, but success did not come . Working as a songwriter, Nelson penned hits for other artists. which helped him gain a foothold in the competitive music scene. His songwriting skills contributed to his early earnings. laying the foundation for his net worth.
Rise to Stardom
Breakthrough Albums
The 1970s marked a turning point in Willie Nelson's career. His albums "Shotgun Willie" (1973), "Red Headed Stranger" (1975). and "Stardust" (1978) received critical acclaim and commercial success. These albums not only solidified his position in the country music genre. but also introduced his music to a broader audience. The success of these albums played a crucial role in boosting Willie Nelson net worth.
Iconic Songs
Willie Nelson net worth is also attributed to his extensive catalog of hit songs. Tracks like "Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain," "On the Road Again," and "Always on My Mind" have become timeless classics. These songs have not only earned Nelson large royalties but have also ensured his continued relevance in the music industry.
Acting and Film Career
Hollywood Ventures
In addition to his music career, Willie Nelson has also made a mark in Hollywood. His distinctive personality and on-screen presence have landed him roles in several films and television shows. Notable appearances include roles in "The Electric Horseman" (1979), "Honeysuckle Rose" (1980), and "Barbarosa" (1982). These acting gigs have added a significant amount to Willie Nelson net worth.
Television Appearances
Nelson's char
7. Coniferae
• The conifers, division Pinophyta, also known as
division Coniferophyta or , are one of 13 or 14 division
level taxa within the Kingdom Plantae. Pinophytes are
gymnosperms. They are cone-
bearing seed plants with vascular tissue; all extant
conifers are woody plants, the great majority being
trees with just a few being shrubs. Typical examples of
conifers include cedars, Douglas-firs, cypresses, firs,
junipers, kauri, larches, pines,hemlocks
, redwoods, spruces, and yews. The division contains
approximately eight families, 68 genera, and 630 living
species.
8.
9. Although the total number of species is relatively small,
conifers are of immense ecological importance. They are
the dominant plants over huge areas of land, most notably
the boreal forests of the northern hemisphere ,[
but also in
similar cool climates in mountains further south. Boreal
conifers have many wintertime adaptations. The narrow
conical shape of northern conifers, and their downward-
drooping limbs help them shed snow. Many of them
seasonally alter their biochemistry to make them more
resistant to freezing, called "hardening". While tropical
rainforests have more biodiversity and turnover, the
immense conifer forests of the world represent the largest
terrestrial carbon sink, i.e. where carbon from atmospheric
CO2 is bound as organic compounds.
10. Conifer
The name ‘conifer’ comes from Latin and means ‘cone bearing’. All conifers bear
their male and female reproductive organs in separate cones (strobili) rather than
in flowers. Trees usually bear both male and female cones. Male cones produce
pollen grains which are transported to the female cones by wind. The seeds
subsequently develop within the female cones. In some genera, such as Juniperus
and Podocarpus, these may be fleshy. The foliage of conifers is either needle-like
(eg Pinus, Abies) or scalelike (egCupressus, Chamaecyparis), and most conifers,
with the exception of four genera, are evergreen trees and shrubs. The conifers
belong to the group of seed plants known as the gymnosperms. Gymnosperm
literally means ‘naked seed’. This is the main characteristic which differentiates
them from the more advanced flowering plants (angiosperms) which bear their
seeds encased in an ovary that becomes the fruit. Other gymnosperms include
ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba) and cycads.
15. • Trees to 55 m tall and over 100 cm dbh. Bark dark
red-brown, thick, deeply and longitudinally
fissured, scaly; winter buds brown, small, ovoid,
not resinous. Leaves 3 per bundle, slender,
flabellate-triangular in cross section, 20-30 cm ×
1.5 mm, resin canals 2, median, base with
persistent sheath 2-3 cm long. Seed cones shortly
pedunculate, ovoid, 10-20 × 6-9 cm. Seed scales
oblong, thick, stiff; apophyses strongly swollen,
conspicuously transversely ridged; umbo
triangular, protruding. Seeds 8-12 mm long; wing
ca. 2.5 cm long. Seed maturity Oct-Nov
16. • Distribution and Ecology
• Himal: Bhutan; India: Jammu and Kashmir, Punjab,
Himanchal Pradesh, Uttarakhand; Nepal; Pakistan;
Sikkim; Afghasistan; S Tibet; in mountains at 450-2300
m elevation. Limited to the monsoon belt between
72°-95°E and 27°-35°N (Wu and Raven 1999, Arya et
al. 2000). Within its range, it is not only a common
species, but is also the most widely planted conifer,
and comprises 17% of the forested area of Nepal
(Gauli et al. 2009).
• Zone 9 (cold hardiness limit between -6.6°C and -1.1°C)
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25. Among the principal pines found in India, chir pine is the most important. Native to the
Himalayas, it is good as a street tree too. This is one of the least exacting of the
Himalayan trees growing sometimes on bare rocks where only a few species are
capable of existing. It is a resinous tree capable of yielding resin continuously provided
rill method of tapping is adopted. Erect, round-headed evergreen tree with one or more
trunks. Grows at moderate rate to 30 ft., with spread of 20 ft at maturity. The bark is
red-brown, thick and deeply fissured at the base of the trunk, thinner and flaky in the
upper crown. The leaves are needle-like, in fascicles of three, very slender, 20-35 cm
long, and distinctly yellowish green. The flowers are monoecious (individual flowers are
either male or female, but both sexes can be found on the same plant) and are
pollinated by wind. The cones are ovoid conic, 12-24 cm long and 5-8 cm broad at the
base when closed, green at first, ripening glossy chestnut-brown when 24 months old.
They open slowly over the next year or so.
26. Medicinal uses: The turpentine obtained from the resin of
all pine trees is antiseptic, diuretic, rubefacient and vermifuge.
It is a valuable remedy used internally in the treatment of
kidney and bladder complaints and is used both internally and
as a rub and steam bath in the treatment of rheumatic
affections. It is also very beneficial to the respiratory system
and so is useful in treating diseases of the mucous
membranes and respiratory complaints such as coughs, colds,
influenza and TB. Externally it is a very beneficial treatment
for a variety of skin complaints, wounds, sores, burns, boils
etc and is used in the form of liniment plasters, poultices,
herbal steam baths and inhalers. The wood is diaphoretic and
stimulant. It is useful in treating burning of the body, cough,
fainting and ulcers
27. Picea smithiana
Picea smithiana, the Morinda Spruce or West Himalayan Spruce, is
a spruce native to the western Himalaya and adjacent mountains,
from northeast Afghanistan east, India to central Nepal . It grows at
altitudes of 2,400-3,600 m in forests together with Deodar
Cedar , Blue Pine and Pindrow Fir.
Picea smithiana is a large evergreen tree growing to 40–55 m tall
(exceptionally to 60 m), and with a trunk diameter of up to 1–2 m. It
has a conical crown with level branches and usually pendulous
branchlets.
The shoots are pale buff-brown, and glabrous (hairless). The leaves
are needle-like, the longest of any spruce, 3–5 cm long, rhombic in
cross-section, mid-green with inconspicuous stomatal lines. The cones
are broad cylindric-conic, 9–16 cm long and 3 cm broad, green when
young, maturing buff-brown and opening to 5–6 cm broad 5–7
months after pollination; the scales are stiff and smoothly rounded.
Morinda Spruce is a popular ornamental tree in large gardens in
western Europe for its attractive pendulous branchlets. It is also
grown to a small extent in forestry for timber and paper production,
though its slower growth compared to Norway Spruce reduces its
importance outside of its native range. The name morinda derives
from the tree's name in Nepalese.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32. Abies pindrow
The Pindrow Fir or West Himalayan Fir (Abies pindrow) is a fir native to the
western Himalaya and adjacent mountains, from northeastAfghanistan east
through northern Pakistan and India to central Nepal. It grows at altitudes of
2,400–3,700 metres (7,900–12,100 ft) in forests together with Deodar
Cedar, Blue Pine and Morinda Spruce, typically occupying cooler, moister north-
facing slopes.
It is a large evergreen tree growing to 40–60 metres (130–200 ft) tall, and with a
trunk diameter of up to 2–2.5 metres (6 ft 7 in–8 ft 2 in). It has a conical crown
with level branches.
The shoots are greyish-pink to buff-brown, smooth and glabrous (hairless).
The leaves are needle-like, among the longest of any fir, 4–9 centimetres (1.6–
3.5 in) long, flattened in cross-section, glossy dark green above, with two
whitish stomatal bands on the underside; they are arranged spirally on the
shoots, but twisted at the base to lie in a flat plane either side of the shoot.
The cones are broad cylindric-conic, 7–14 centimetres (2.8–5.5 in) long and 3–4
centimetres (1.2–1.6 in) broad, dark purple when young, disintegrating when
mature to release the seeds 5–7 months after pollination.
33. The West Himalayan Fir (Abies pindrow)
is a frost hardy perennial evergreen conifer. It grows well in any light
situation., and prefers high levels of water. It has no drought tolerance and low
flood tolerance.
Abies pindrow grows in soils ranging from a pH of 5 (extremely acidic ranges
from 0 to 5.1) to 7 (neutral ranges from 6.6 to 7.5). It is adapted to clay, loam,
sand, clay loam, loamy sand, peat, sandy clay, sandy clay loam and sandy loam
soils.
34.
35.
36.
37. Himalayan Cedar tree - Cedrus deodara
The Himalayan Cedar is
one of the true cedars
and is a close relative to
the Cedar of
Lebanon and the Atlas
Cedar. It can be
distinguished from these
other two by the length
of its leaves (up to 2
inches long) and by the
number of leaves on
reach "rosette" (12-15).
38. Another distinguishing
feature of the Himalayan
Cedar is that the new
branches tend to hang
down in a sort of "weeping
tree" manner. In the
images below you can see
the new leaves that are
growing at the center of
each rosette.