This document summarizes the three types of simple permanent plant tissues: parenchyma, collenchyma, and sclerenchyma. Parenchyma cells are living with thin walls, large spaces between cells, and function in packing, photosynthesis, and storage. Collenchyma cells have irregularly thickened corners, provide flexibility and support. Sclerenchyma cells have thick lignin walls, are dead at maturity, and provide stiffness and protection.

1. GROUND TISSUE
Simple Permanent Tissue
Prepared by:
Kristel V. Feje – BSED Bio Sci

2. Permanent Tissue
 Perform specific functions.
 No ability to divide.
 Has permanent shape, size and function.
 Differentiation is a process by which cells formed by
meristematic tissue become a permanent tissue.
 Differentiated cells are called Derivatives.

3. Parenchyma
Collenchyma
Sclerenchyma

4. Permanent Tissue types:
A. Simple Permanent Tissue
 Tissues which are made up of similar type of cells.
B. Complex permanent Tissue
 Tissues made up of many cells.

5. 1. Parenchyma
Characteristics
 Basic packing tissue
 Unspecialized live cells
 Has thin cell wall
 Has large intercellular
spaces.

6. Function
 Support to plants.
 Stores food
 Stores nutrients and
water.

7. Types
a. Chlorenchyma
 Parenchyma with chlorophyll
 Tissue which contains chlorophyll pigment.
 Helps in photosynthesis.
b. Aerenchyma
 Parenchyma with air cavities in aquatic plants.
 Helps in floating.

8. CHLORENCHYMA AERENCHYMA

9. 2. Collenchyma
Characteristics
 Tissue responsible for
flexibility in plants.
 Supporting and strengthening tissue.
 Irregularly thickened at corners,
thickened by pectin.
 Less intercellular spaces.

10. Where are they found?
 Leaf stalks below epidermis.
 Expanded leaves.
 Stem apex
Function
 Allows bending of stems, leaves without
breaking.
 Provide mechanical support.

11. 3. Sclerenchyma
 Tissue responsible for stiffness in plants.
 Long, narrow and dead cells.
 Thickened cell walls made of cellulose
impregnated with lignin.
 Simple pits are present in thickened cell walls.
 No intercellular spaces.
Characteristics

12. 2 types of sclerenchyma cells.
 Sclereids
 Fibres
Where are they found?
 Hard covering of seeds and nuts.
 Veins of leaves
 Stem around vascular bundles.

13. Function
 Provides strength to plant parts
 Provides mechanical support.

14. PARENCHYMA COLLENCHYMA SCLERENCHYMA
Cells Living Living Dead on maturity
Intercellular space Large Less Absent
Cell wall Thin Irregularly thickened
at corners
Thickened with pectin
Thickened with lignin
Function  Packing tissue
 Photosynthesis
in leaves
 Storage of food
and nutrients
 Flexibility  Stiffness
 Support and protection