Components of xylem and phloem
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This document summarizes the components of xylem and phloem in vascular plants. It describes that xylem consists of tracheids, vessels, xylem parenchyma and xylem fibres which help conduct water and minerals. Tracheids and vessels are hollow tubes, while xylem parenchyma stores food and helps conduct water. Phloem consists of sieve elements, companion cells, phloem parenchyma, and phloem fibres. Sieve elements conduct organic food, companion cells maintain pressure gradients, and phloem fibres provide mechanical strength. Both xylem and phloem work together to conduct water, minerals and food throughout vascular plants.
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Lenticels on periderm are very prominent.
The cambial ring formed is wavy in the beginning and later becomes circular.
The cambium ring is completely secondary in origin.
Periderm originates from the pericycle (intra stelar in origin).
In Dicot root, xylem is with big thin walled vessels with few fibers and more parenchyma.
Less amount of cork is produced as root is underground.
Lenticels on periderm are not very prominent.
Xylem And Phloem
The document summarizes the key components and functions of xylem and phloem tissue in plants. Xylem tissue conducts water and minerals throughout the plant and is composed of tracheids and vessels. Phloem tissue conducts sugars and transports them from leaves to other plant parts. Phloem consists of sieve tubes made of elongated living cells called sieve elements connected end to end to form columns. Each sieve element has an associated companion cell that provides energy and nutrients to keep the sieve element alive via plasmodesmata.
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Xylem and phloem
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Transportation in plants involves the movement of substances like water, minerals, and food from one part of the plant to another. This is facilitated by the plant's conducting tissues - xylem and phloem. Xylem transports water and minerals upward from the roots through three main cell types: tracheids, vessels, and xylem parenchyma. Tracheids and vessels are elongated, thick-walled dead cells that provide support and allow for the upward movement of water. Xylem parenchyma are living cells that store food and transport water and minerals.
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This document discusses different types of plant and animal tissues. It describes in detail the various types of plant tissues including meristematic tissues, permanent tissues (simple and complex), and their functions. The simple permanent tissues discussed are parenchyma, collenchyma, sclerenchyma. The complex permanent tissues discussed are xylem and phloem. It also describes the various types of animal tissues like epithelial tissue, connective tissue, muscular tissue and nervous tissue. Epithelial tissue is described in more detail covering the different types like squamous, cuboidal and columnar epithelium.
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Tissues are groups of cells that perform specific functions. There are two main types of tissues - plant tissues and animal tissues. Plant tissues include meristematic tissue, which contains undifferentiated cells, and permanent tissue, which contains non-dividing cells. Permanent tissue is further divided into simple tissues like parenchyma, collenchyma and sclerenchyma, and complex tissues like xylem and phloem. Animal tissues include epithelial tissue, which covers surfaces, and connective tissue, which connects and supports. Epithelial tissue is classified into squamous, cuboidal, columnar, ciliated and glandular tissue. Connective tissue includes fluid tissues like blood and lymph, skeletal
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Parenchyma, collenchyma, sclerenchyma, phloem, and xylem are the fundamental tissues in plants. Parenchyma cells perform photosynthesis and store products. Collenchyma and sclerenchyma provide structural support. Phloem transports food throughout the plant via sieve tubes and companion cells. Xylem transports water and minerals upwards via tracheids and vessels. These tissues work together to support and transport nutrients and water in plants.
What are some differences between the xylem and the phloem Solu.pdf
Use Simplex method and solve the following problem:
Maximize p = x+y subject to x+y <= 2, 3x+y >= 4
Which of teh following is the last matrix table?
A.
x y s1 s2 | b
0 1 3/2 1/2 1
1 0 1/2 -1/2 1
0 0 1 0 2
B.
x y s1 s2 | b
0 1 3/2 1/2 1
1 0 -1/2 1/2 1
0 0 1 0 2
C.
x y s1 s2 | b
0 1 3/2 1/2 1
1 0 -1/2 -1/2 1
0 0 1 0 2
D.
x y s1 s2 | b
0 1 3/2 -1/2 1
1 0 -1/2 -1/2 1
0 0 1 0 2
x y s1 s2 | b
0 1 3/2 1/2 1
1 0 1/2 -1/2 1
0 0 1 0 2
B.
x y s1 s2 | b
0 1 3/2 1/2 1
1 0 -1/2 1/2 1
0 0 1 0 2
C.
x y s1 s2 | b
0 1 3/2 1/2 1
1 0 -1/2 -1/2 1
0 0 1 0 2
D.
x y s1 s2 | b
0 1 3/2 -1/2 1
1 0 -1/2 -1/2 1
0 0 1 0 2
Solution
The step by step solution of the problem is given below -
Tableau #1
x y s1 s2 p
1 1 1 0 0 2
3 1 0 -1 0 4
-1 -1 0 0 1 0
Tableau #2
x y s1 s2 p
0 2/3 1 1/3 0 2/3
1 1/3 0 -1/3 0 4/3
0 -2/3 0 -1/3 1 4/3
Tableau #3
x y s1 s2 p
0 1 3/2 1/2 0 1
1 0 -1/2 -1/2 0 1
0 0 1 0 1 2
So, the correct answer is option (c)..
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The document discusses the structure and function of xylem and phloem tissue in plants. It states that xylem transports water and minerals throughout the plant via dead cells like tracheids and vessels. Phloem transports organic nutrients like sugars made through photosynthesis using living sieve tubes and companion cells. Both xylem and phloem provide mechanical support to the plant and are key components of vascular tissue.
Xylemphloem by pooja
The document discusses the structure and function of xylem and phloem tissue in plants. It states that xylem transports water and minerals throughout the plant from the roots upward, while phloem transports organic nutrients like sugars bidirectionally. The main components of xylem are tracheids and vessels, which are dead conductive elements, while phloem is composed of living sieve tubes and companion cells.
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The document summarizes the three main tissue types in plants: dermal, ground, and vascular tissues. Dermal tissue covers the outer surface and is composed of epidermal cells that secrete a waxy cuticle. There are two types of plant tissues: meristematic tissues which are undifferentiated and can divide, as well as permanent tissues. Meristematic tissue includes apical and lateral meristem while permanent tissues include various ground tissues like parenchyma, collenchyma, and sclerenchyma as well as vascular tissues like xylem and phloem. Xylem contains tracheids and vessels that transport water and minerals upward while phloem contains sieve tubes and companion cells that
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Components of xylem and phloem
- 1. COMPONENTS OF XYLEM AND PHLOEM PRESENTED BY MOHD SALIM 18-BTM-28 GK7985
- 2. INTRODUCTION • Vascular tissue system • Vascular plants: plants with well developed conductive system • Vascular plants are also called as tracheophyta • Main function of vascular tissue : conduction • Conduct water minerals and food materials • It also provide mechanical support
- 3. Vascular tissue composed of two types tissues: XYLEM: For the conduction of water and minerals phloem : for the conduction of food • Xylem and phloem are complex tissues
- 4. XYLEM • XYLEM- Term introduced by NAGELI(1858) • XYLOS means wood in Greek • Its basic function is to transport water, but it also transfer some nutrients through the plants • Xylem fibres are supportive in function. • It consists of tracheids, vessels, xylem parenchyma and xylem fibres
- 5. • Tracheids and vessels are hollow tube-like structures that help in conducting water and minerals. • The xylem conducts only in one direction i.e vertically.
- 6. COMPONENTS OF XYLEM • Tracheids – Made of elongated cells with flat, tapering ends. – Cell walls contain pits/cavities which facilitate the flow of water from one cell to another. – Structural component of the xylem. – Provide a network of hollow connected cells for the transport of water. – Provide mechanical support by developing various types of thickenings in their walls.
- 7. • Xylem vessels –Consist of dead cells. –They are tubular structures and are much wider than tracheids. –Cell walls are hard, thick and lignified. –They are arranged end to end and on the top of one another such as a pipeline. –Cell walls at both the ends degenerate when cells die. As a result, stacked vessels become continuous tubes. –Structural component of the xylem.
- 8. • Xylem parenchyma –Consists of living parenchyma cells associated with xylem. –Structural component of the xylem. –Stores food in the plant body. –Helps in conduction of water and minerals.
- 9. • Xylem fibres • Separated by thin cross walls • Structural component of the xylem. • Mainly support the plant
- 10. PHLOEM • Phloem : Phloem is a complex permanent tissue, which is meant for the conduction of food within the plant. • It is also called bast or laptone. • They are made of sclerenchymatous cells. • Phloem fibres are absent in the primary phloem but present in the secondary phloem. • Fibres are elongated, unbranded and bear pointed apices. • They lose their protoplasm at maturity and become dead.
- 11. COMPONENTS OF PHLOEM • Phloem consists of four types of cells : (a) Sieve elements: They are the main food conducting elements and are of two types- sieve cells and sieve tubes. (i)Sieve cells: They are elongated cells having several perforated areas called sieve areas,
- 12. • (ii) Sieve tubes : They are elongated tubular channels.Each sieve tube is made up of several cells called sieve tube members. The end walls have many large pores or sieve pits and are known as sieve plates. Each sieve tube is always associated with a companion cell. Sieve element take part in the transport of organic food.
- 13. • (b) Companion cells : They are elongated thin walled parenchymatous cells, which lie on the sides of the sieve tubes. They are closely associated with the sieve tubes. The companion cell and a sieve tube originate from the same mother cell. The companion cells play an important role in the maintenance of a pressure gradient in the sieve tubes.
- 14. • Phloem parenchyma: They are ordinary parenchyma cells, which are intermingled with sieve elements.They store food and also assist in the conduction of food in lateral direction. • Phloem fibres : They are also called bast fibres.Phloem fibres are sclerenchymatous fibres, which occur in phloem. They provide mechanical strength. The textile fibres of flex, hemp and jute are phloem fibres.