Permanent tissue

1. Permanenttissue
Presented by :-
GANAPATI PRADHAN
+3 2nd year

2. INTRODUCTION :-
Tissue:- A group of cells having a
common origin performing more or less
a common or similar function.
Type of Tissue :-
(a) Meristematic tissue.
(b) Permanent tissue.

3. Permanent tissue :-
Meristematic tissue divide and
differentiated to form permanent
tissue.
These are the matured meristematic
tissue.
They lost the ability to divide, may be
permanent or temporarily.

4. Types of permanent tissue:-
(a) Simple tissue.
(b) Complex tissue .
(c) Secretory/special tissue.

5. (a) Simple permanent tissue :-
These are made up of only one type of
cells i.e. all the cells are structurally as
well as functionally similar.
Generally it is divided into :
(a) Parenchyma
(b) Collenchyma
(c) Sclerenchyma

6. (a) Parenchyma:-
 All the cells are living in nature.
 They are more or less isodiametric in nature.
 The cells are thin walled, vacuolated.
 Abundant intercellular space are found depending in
their location.
 They are present in the cortex ,pith, ground tissues of
petioles, endosperm of seeds .
 Parenchymatous tissue forms association with
vascular tissue and known as vascular parenchyma.
 Cell wall is composed of cellulose & pectin i.e.
pectocellulosic in nature.

7. Type of Parenchyma:-
Chlorenchyma :- Any parenchymatous cells rich with
chlroplasts are called chlorenchyma.
 It is found in leave.
 It’s main function is photosynthesis.
Spongy tissue:- Spongy parenchyma are found
below the palisade cells.
->They are loosely arranged isodiametric cells with
lots of intercellular space.
-> They are contains lesser number of chloroplast
than palisade parenchyma.

8. Aerenchyma:- Parenchymatous tissues with big
and large air space.
 These are mainly present in stem and petioles of
hydrophytic plants.
 It‘s function is to provides buoyancy to the plant
organ for floating.

9. Function of Parenchyma tissue
 Photosynthesis
 Parenchyma cells provide turgidity to
plants.
 Provide mechanical strength.
 Act as storage tissue.
 Helps in conduction in association with
vascular tissue.
 Serves as packing tissue.

10. (b)Collenchyma :-
 It is also a living simple tissue.
 Mainly found in peripheral regions of the stem &
beneath the epidermis i.e. hypodermis.
 If the stem has ridges, collenchyma tissue is
found below the ridges.
 The cell wall is unevenly thickened.
 It is not found in roots, due to thick wall.
 Based on the thickening pattern, collenchyma
tissue can be of 4 types –

11. (a) Angular collenchyma:- Collenchyma tissue having
wall thickening at the corners only.
-> Thickening due to the deposition of pectin &
hemicellulose along with cellulose.
(b) Lamellar collenchyma:- Collenchyma tissue having
wall thickening on their tangential walls.
(c) Annular collenchyma:- In this all the cell have
uniformly thickened cell walls.
(d) Lacunar collenchyma:- Only collenchymatous tissue
with intracellular spaces.
Function:- Mechanical in function.
- Gives supports to stems and pedicels.
- Provide rigidity & elasticity to the plant.

12. (C) Sclerenchyma :-
 These are dead tissue, due to loss of
cytoplasm at maturity.
 Have thick cell wall.
 Thickness is due to the formation of
secondary cell wall & deposition of lignin.
 Elongated cell with pits.
 Sclerenchyma cells divide into two types:
(a) Fibres
(b) Sclereids

13. (a) Fibres:
 Fibres are elongated and narrow cells with pointed
ends.
 Cells are thick walled with narrow lumen.
 Contain pit in the cell wall and are slit type.
 Fibres are very long and overlap each other which
increase their economical value.
 According to position fibres are two types:
Fibres associate with xylem : wood fibre
Fibres associate with phloem: bast fibre
 Bast fibre occur in phloem and due to their large
length they are used in textile .
Ex- hemp, jute (Corchorus capsularis)

14. (b) Sclereids :-
 Sclereids are known as stone cells or sclerotic
cells.
 The cells are highly thickened, lignified with
reduced lumen.
 Contains pits.
 Sclereids may be found in groups or isolated.
 The isolated sclereids are known as idioblast.
 The endocarp of stone fruit and pericarp of nuts
and the seed coats are very hard due to
presence of sclereids.

15. Sclereids may be of different shapes and
grouped as :
i) Brachysclereids – more or less
isodiametric
ii) Macrosclereids – rod shaped
iii) Osteosclereids – columnar cells with
enlarged ends
iv) Asterosclereids – star shaped
v) Trichosclereids – when branched hair
like
vi)Filiform sclereids – elongated thread
like

16. THANK YOU ALL