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Dicot and monocot leaf anatomy

This document compares the leaf anatomy of dicots and monocots. Dicot leaves have a dorsiventral orientation with stomata on the upper epidermis. Their mesophyll is differentiated into palisade and spongy parenchyma, and their vascular bundles are surrounded by bundle sheath cells made of collenchyma. Monocot leaves have an isobilateral orientation with stomata on both epidermis. Their mesophyll is not differentiated and contains bulliform cells that control leaf curling. Their vascular bundles are surrounded by sclerenchyma bundle sheath cells.

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DICOT AND MONOCOT LEAF ANATOMY
MORPHOLOGY
Dicotyledonous leaf • Typical dorsiventral leaf • T.S of leaf lamina show three main parts Epidermis Mesophyll Vascular system
Epidermis • It covers both upper(adaxial epidermis) and lower surface(abaxial) • Cuticle is present • Upper epidermis consist stomata
MESOPHYLL • Tissues between upper and lower epidermis • It posses chloroplast –photosynthesis • Two type- palisade parenchyma, spongy parenchyma
• Palisade parenchyma • Adaxially placed • Elongated cells • Vertically arranged and parallel to each other
• Mesophyll parenchyma • Oval or round • Loosely arranged • Below the palisade cells • Air cavities present
VASCULAR SYSTEM • It seen in the veins and mid ribs • Size of vascular bundle depend on the size of the vein • It is surrounded by a thick walled bundle sheath cells
MONOCOTYLEDONOUS LEAF • Typical isobilateral leaf • Three main parts Epidermis Mesophyll Vascular system
• Stomata present on both epidermis • Mesophyll is not differentiated in to palisade and spongy parenchyma • Bulliform cells- modified adaxial epidermis cells and veins • It absorb water and become turgid-leaf surface exposed • It become flaccid due to water stress-leaves curl inward
characters Dicot leaf Monocot leaf Nature of orientation Dorsi ventral isobilateral stomata Upper epidermis Both upper and lower mesophyll Palisade and spongy parenchyma Spongy parenchyma Bundle sheath Made up of collenchyma made up of sclerenchyma