This document discusses different types of graphs and charts, their purposes and guidelines for use. It defines the key difference between graphs and charts, with graphs representing relationships between objects and charts representing data through symbols. Common chart types are described like line charts to show changes over time, bar charts to compare categories, and pie charts to show proportions of a whole. The document provides examples and guidelines for effective graph and chart creation.

1. Title: Graphs And Charts
By
Salem Almadhun

2. Outlines:
Overview
The difference between graph and chart
Advantages of using graphs and charts
Guidelines for Formatting Graphs and Charts
Tools to Create Charts and Graphs
Types of Charts and Graphs
Line Chart Bar Chart Pie Chart
Histogram Pareto Chart Gantt Chart
Conclusion

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Overview
Graphs and charts condense large amounts of information
into easy-to-understand formats that clearly and effectively
communicate important points.
In selecting how best to present your data, think about the
purpose of your graph or chart and what you want to
present, then decide which variables you want to include
and whether they should be expressed as frequencies,
percentages, or categories.

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The difference between graph and chart
Charts and graphs are a means of displaying data in a way
that's easy to understand and analysis. Through lines, bars
or other visual representations, both charts and graphs
illustrate relationships between sets of data so that anyone
can understand them.
Even though charts and graphs are often used in the same
sentence to explain the illustration of data, the terms are not
interchangeable.

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Cont...
Some scientists have defined graphs and charts as :
A graph is an abstract representation of a set of
objects where some pairs of the objects are
connected by links.
A chart is a visual representation of data, in which
the data are represented by symbols such as bars in
a bar chart or lines in a line chart.

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Advantages of using graphs and charts
When you display information in charts and
graphs it is easier to understand and interpret the
data. In turn this makes the business reporting
process that much easier and meaningful.

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Cont..
These are some advantages of using a graphs and charts:
1) Shows the relationship between changing things.
2) Displaying the relationship between numbers or amounts.
3) The easiest ways to compare numbers.
4) Used to present facts in visual form.
5) Graphs can be used to illustrate many types of data.
6) More interesting than just talk or print.
7) To show and compare changes.

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Guidelines for Formatting Graphs and Charts
Keep it simple and avoid flashy special effects.
Present only essential information. Avoid using gratuitous options in
graphical software programs, such as 3D bars, that confuse the
reader. If the graph or chart is too complex, it will not clearly
communicate the important points.
Title your graph or chart clearly to convey the purpose.
The title provides the reader with the overall message you are
conveying.

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Cont..
Specify the right units of measurement.
Years, number of participants trained, and type of school personnel
are examples of labels for units of measurement.
Label each part of the chart or graph.
You may need a legend if there is too much information to label
each part of the chart or graph.

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There are many of them, which is divided into:
Basic Charts and Graphs:
1) Line Chart
2) Bar Chart
3) Pie Chart
Specialized Charts and Graphs:
1) Histogram
2) Pareto Chart
3) Gantt Chart
Types of Charts and Graphs

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Some Charts and Graphs softwares:
1) Microsoft Office Excel
2) Graphs Made Easy
3) Diagram Designer
Sites for online creating a Chart or Graph:
1) http://www.richchartlive.com
2) http://www.icharts.net
3) http://www.chartle.net
Tools to Create Charts and Graphs

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Line Chart
Data that is arranged in columns or rows on a
worksheet can be plotted in a line chart.
Line chart should used if the category labels are
text, and are representing evenly spaced values
such as months, quarters, or fiscal years.

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Line Chart
Example :
– Month Sales
– January $10000
– February $12000
– March $18000
– April $11000
– May $9000

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Bar Chart
Bar chart are a type of graph that are used to display and
compare the number, frequency or other measure (e.g.
mean) for different discrete categories of data.
Bar charts are useful for displaying data that are classified
into nominal or ordinal categories. Nominal data are
categorized according to descriptive or qualitative
information such as country of birth, or subject studied at
university.

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Pie Chart
Data that is arranged in one column or row only
can be plotted in a pie chart. Pie charts show the
size of items in one data series, proportional to the
sum of the items. The data points in a pie chart are
displayed as a percentage of the whole pie.

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Cont..
Consider using a pie chart when:
1) You only have one data series that you want to plot.
2) None of the values that you want to plot are negative.
3) Almost none of the values that you want to plot are
zero values.
4) It is better if you don't dispaly more than seven
categories.

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Cont..
Example :
Retail Channel Sales
→Department Stores $637.166
→Discount Stores $721.630
→Men's/Women's Specialty Stores $148.662
→Juvenile Specialty Stores $78.662
→All other outlets $90.000

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Histogram Chart
A Histogram is a graphical display of data using bars of
different heights.
It is similar to a Bar Chart, but a histogram groups numbers
into ranges and you decide what ranges to use.

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28. Pareto chart
Pareto chart is a type of chart that contains both bars and a line
graph, where individual values are represented in descending
order by bars, and the cumulative total is represented by the line.

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41. Gantt chart
A Gantt chart is a horizontal bar chart developed as a production
control tool in 1917 by Henry L. Gantt.
Frequently used in project management, a Gantt chart provides
a graphical illustration of a schedule that helps to plan,
coordinate, and track specific tasks in a project.

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53. Conclusion
We conclude from the previous Presentation that
there is a large number of shapes and diagrams
that have a very big interest in clarifying the
reports and to facilitate the study of the data, as
well as to identify many of the problems identified
by the information extracted from the data.

54. Thank you