Analysing charts and graphics workshop, Information literacy, Erasmus+ project New Literacy Set, 2015-2017

1. ANALYSING AND CREATING CHARTS AND
GRAPHICS
„NEW LITERACY SET” PROJECT

2. Graphs and charts are great
because they communicate
information visually.
For this reason, graphs are often
used in newspapers, magazines
and businesses around the world.
Let’s have a look an example:
Presentation of gender statistics in
graphs
ThingLink: goo.gl/vBjNNh
GRAPHS AND CHARTS

3. BAR GRAPHS
Are those employing rectangles (bars) that are placed in parallel. The height indicates the frequency of that data.
Bar charts allow numerical information in a clear and orderly manner, to communicate it to others. With the
information displayed on graphs you can quickly and visually interpret the information, facilitating further
analysis.
A bar graph is useful for comparing facts. The bars provide a visual display for comparing quantities in different
categories. Bar graphs help us to see relationships quickly. Another name for a bar graph is a bar chart. Each part
of a bar graph has a purpose.
To construct a bar graph, you must draw a vertical and horizontal axes. In free space the bar is located. Numerical
data are on the vertical axis (determining the height of the bars) and the categories in the horizontal axis.

4. BAR GRAPHS
Example 1: A survey of students' favorite after-school activities was conducted at a school. The table below shows
the results of this survey.

5. A bar graph is useful for comparing facts. The bars provide a visual display for comparing quantities in different
categories. Bar graphs help us to see relationships quickly. Another name for a bar graph is a bar chart. Each part of a
bar graph has a purpose.
Title: The title tells us what the graph is about.
Labels: The labels tell us what kinds of facts are listed.
Bars: The bars show the facts.
grid lines: Grid lines are used to create the scale.
Categories: Each bar shows a quantity for a particular
category.

6. LINE GRAPHS
It is a set of points connected by a line in a Cartesian system, showing a variable trends over a period of time. For
this reason, a line graph is useful in displaying data or information that changes continuously over time. The points
on a line graph are connected by a line. Another name for a line graph is a line chart.

7. LINE GRAPHS Let's define the various parts of a line graph.
Title: The title of the line graph tells us what
the graph is about.
Labels: The horizontal label across the bottom
and the vertical label along the side tells us
what kinds of facts are listed.
Scales: The horizontal scale across the bottom
and the vertical scale along the side tell us
how much or how many.
Points: The points or dots on the graph show
us the facts.
Lines: The lines connecting the points give
estimates of the values between the points.

8. CIRCLE GRAPH/PIE CHART
It is a circle diagram that visually represents information into
imaginary slices of cake. A circle graph, or a pie chart, is used to
visualize information and data. A circle graph is usually used to
easily show the results of an investigation in a proportional
manner. The arcs of a circle graph are proportional to how
many percent of population gave a certain answer.
Reading a pie chart is as easy as figuring out which slice of an
actual pie is the biggest. Usually, you have several bits of data,
and each is pictured on the pie chart as a pie slice. You will see
that some data have larger slices than others. So you can easily
decipher which data is more important to your audience than
others.

9. CIRCLE GRAPH/PIE CHART
A circle graph is usually used to easily show the results of an investigation in a proportional manner. The arcs of a
circle graph are proportional to how many percent of population gave a certain answer
http://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-a-pie-chart-
definition-examples-quiz.html
Reading a pie chart is as easy as figuring out which slice of an actual pie
is the biggest. Usually, you have several bits of data, and each is pictured
on the pie chart as a pie slice. You will see that some data have larger
slices than others. So you can easily decipher which data is more
important to your audience than others.

10. OTHER TYPES
Illustration Image Purpose Example
Column graph To reveal change in a subject at regular
intervals of time
The number of registered voters in your
city during the last five elections
Scatter diagram To graph pairs of numerical data to look
for a relationship between them
The relation between temperature and
number of sold airconditioners
Fishbone diagram To identify possible causes for a problem Trying to understand the source of
periodic iron contamination during
manufacute

11. OTHER TYPES
Illustration Image Purpose Example
Flowchart To show the sequence of steps in a
process or a procedure
The process of installing a computer
application
Organizational chart To map the various divisions and levels of
responsibility within an organization
The hierarcy of military officers
Diagram To identify the parts of a subject and
their spatial relationship
The rooms of a building

12. OTHER TYPES
Illustration Image Purpose Example
Drawing To exhibit selected features of an object
or process
The on/off button on a machine or the
direction to turn lever
Photograph To show what a subject looks like in
realistic detail
The scene of a crime

13. INTERPRETING THE INFORMATION
To interpret the information given through graphs, you can follow the following methodology:
- Reading the title of the chart or table. We know what it is before we start to analyse it.
- Read the data. There will be a literal reading of the graph or table.
- Read among data. Interpretation and integration of data or graphics board.
- Reading beyond the data. Can you make a prediction based on the data in the graph or table?

14. QUESTION
1. What is the title of this bar graph?
2. What is the range of values on the (horizontal) scale?
3. How many categories are in the graph?
4. Which after-school activity do students like most?
5. Which after-school activity do students like least?
6. How many students like to talk on the phone?
7. How many students like to earn money?
8. Which two activities are liked almost equally?
9. List the categories in the graph from greatest to least.

15. 1. What is the title of this line graph?
2. What is the range of values on the horizontal
scale?
3. What is the range of values on the vertical scale?
4. How many points are in the graph?
5. What was the lowest temperature recorded?
6. What was the highest temperature recorded?
7. At what point did the temperature dip?
A line graph is useful in displaying data or information that changes continuously over time. The points on a line
graph are connected by a line. Another name for a line graph is a line chart.
ACTIVITY LINE GRAPH

16. How to do a circle graph
QUESTION
1. What is the title of this circle graph?
2. How many categories are in the graph?
3. Which pet do students like most?
4. Which pet do students like least?
5. How many students like to have a dog?
6. How many students like to have a cat?
7. Which pet are liked almost equally?
8. List the categories in the graph from greatest to least.

17. HOW TO MAKE A SIMPLE CHART AND GRAPH IN
EXCEL
http://www.online-tech-tips.com/ms-office-tips/excel-tutorial-how-to-make-a-simple-graph-or-chart-in-excel/
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Iv5m00YS_4I