The document provides information on Spanish grammar including: 1) Conjugations of the imperfect, preterit, and future verb tenses. 2) Stem-changing and irregular verbs. 3) Uses of the modal, progressive, conditional, and formal command verb forms. 4) Formations of adverbs, superlatives, and prepositions.

1. GRAMMAR BOOK PART II
Manuel Ormstrup

2. IMPERFECT
-ar -er/-ir
• -aba • -ía
• -abas • -ías
• -aba • -ía
• -ámos • -íamos
• -abais • -íais
• -aban • -ían
IMPERFECT
-Ser- -Ver- -Ir-
Era Éramos Veía Veíamos Iba Ibamos
Eras Erais Veís Veíais Iba Ibais
Era Eran Veía Veían Iba Iban

3. Preterit
• -car (yo) -qué
-AR • -gar (yo) -gué
-é
• -zar (yo) -cé
-aste
-ó
-amos
-asteis
-aron • Spock
Ser/Ir Ver/Dar Ver/Dar
-Fui -V/D-i -V/D-i
-ER/-IR -Fuiste -V/D-iste -V/D-iste
-Fue -V/D-io -V/D-io
-í
-Fuimos -V/D-imos -V/D-imos
-iste -Fueron -V/D-icieron -V/D-icieron
-ió
-imos
-isteis
-ierson

4. CUCARACHA/ SNAKE-SNAKEY
• CUCARACHA • SNAKE-SNAKEY
• -Andar = anduv-
• -Estar = estuv- Preterit verbs with a y spelling change
• -Poder = pud- Stem Changers
• -Poner = pus- Dormir
• -Querer = quis- -Dormi
• -Saber = sup- -Dormimos
• -Tener = tuv- -Dormiste
• -Venir = vin- -Durmio
• -Conducir = conduj- -Dumieron Y Changers
• -Producir = produj- +Leer
• -Traducir = traduj- -Lei
• -Decir = dij- -Leimos
• -Traer = traj- -Leiste
-Leyo
-Leyeron

5. MODAL
• Used in verbs poder and deber, used with another main verb to
indicate degree of possibility or necessity
• -querer (to want to)
• -deber (shall)
• -tener que (to have to)
• -poder (to be able to)

6. ADVERB
• Most are formed by converting an adjective to its feminine singular form and adding -
mente to it. Irregulars include:
• -bastante
• -demasiado
• -mal
• -mucho
• -muy
• -nunca
• -peor
• -poco
• -siempre

7. PROGRESSIVE
• Present • Past
• -Normal estar • Using estar in imperfect
conjugated with an tense or preterit tense
additional -ing verb. for past actions
• - Estar with an -aba
ending or estuv-x form
for past

8. FUTURE
• REGULAR • IRREGULAR
• Dir- (Decir)
• Har- (Hacer)
• Pondr- (Poner)
• Saldr-(Saler)
-é
• Tendr- (Tener)
-ás
• Vendr- (Valer)
-á
Infinitive + • Podr- (Poder)
•
-emos
• Querr- (Querer)
-éis
• Sabr- (Saber)
-án

9. SUPERLATIVES
• -Either the most of something or the least of something
• -El mas - the most
• -El menos - the least
• La chica mas bonito
• El arbol menos alto.

10. FORMAL COMMANDS
• First, put the verb in first person. Then,
change the ending to its opposite vowel.
• Ponga, Compre

11. CONDITIONAL
• -Used in case of • ía
probability or possibility • ías
and means "would,
could, must have, or • ía
probably". • íamos
• -Regular -ar, -er, and -ir • íais
endings are as follows:
• ían

12. • a - at, to
• ante - before
• bajo - under, below
PREPOSITIONS • con - with
• contra - against
• Prepositions are • de - of, about
• desde - since, from
used to create • durante - during, for
relationships • en - in, on, into, by
between different •
•
entre - between, among, amongst
excepto - with the exception of
words. • hacia - towards, about, around
• hasta - as far as, up to, until, till
• mediante - by means of
• para - for, to, towards
• salvo - except (for)
• segun - according to, depending on
• sin - without
• sobre - on top of
• tras - behind, after

13. DEMONSTRATIVES
• Used to describe the • esa/ese
proximity of an • esta/este
object. • aquel/aquella
• This
• That
• that over there