The document explores the complex concept of globalization, defining it and discussing its implications across various dimensions such as economic, military, environmental, and socio-cultural. It highlights the intricacies of globalization, including the different perspectives on its effects and the resulting paradox of integration and fragmentation. Ultimately, it argues that the debate over globalization is nuanced and does not lend itself to simplistic conclusions about its nature or impact.

1. G L O BA L I Z AT I O N
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2. OVERVIEW
• Examination of the Globalization
debate.
• Defining Globalization.
• Analytical frameworks for making
sense of globalization.
• Broader implications of globalization
(beyond the globalization debate)

3. GLOBALIZATION?
• What is it?
• What does it imply for the international
system?
• Is it a key feature of the international
system at present?

4. THE DEBATE
PERSPECTIVES
ON
GLOBALIZATION
DEFINING
FEATURES
POLITICAL
IMPLICATIONS
ECONOMIC
IMPLICATIONS
INTERNATIONAL
STRUCTURE
TRAJECTORY
GLOBALISTS
SKEPTICS
TRANSFORMATIONALIST
S
Internationalization
and fragmentation.
Unprecedented
levels of
interdependence.
Enhanced role for
national
governments.
Transformation of
sovereignty and
state power.
An inter-national
economy with
regional
arrangements.
Transformation of
economic
organization.
Growing inequality
within and across
societies.
Exacerbated NorthSouth Divide.
Altogether different
international
system.
A global polity.
More of the same.
Indeterminate.
“One World.”
Diminished role for
nation-states.
Greater need for
global governance.
Transnational
economies and a
global division of
labor.

5. CONCURRENCE
•
Globalization is viewed as a process of
“increasing networks of interdependence across
multicontinental distances.” (Nye and Donahue,
2002)
•
•
•
Globalization itself is not new.
•
Globalization itself will have significant
implications on how economies are organized
and how power is exercised.
•
Globalization is at best value-neutral.
Globalization is multi-faceted.
Decisions by governments have allowed the
international economy to operate the way it does
today.

6. “Globalization is a process (or set of
processes) which embodies a transformation
in the spatial organization of social relations
and transactions – assessed in terms of their
extensity, intensity, velocity, and impact –
generating transcontinental or interregional
flows and networks of activity, interaction and
the exercise of power.”
- Held, McGrew, Goldblatt and Perraton (1999: 16)

7. ELEMENTS
•
•
•
•
Extensity
•
The tendency for societal, political and economic
events to have significance beyond a country’s
borders.
Intensity
•
Regularized patterns of interconnectedness and
interdependence.
Impact
•
The effects that interdependence has.
Velocity
•
The rate at which interconnectedness and
interdependence develops.

8. ONE GLOBALIZATION
OR MANY?
Part I: Thinking in Three Dimensions
(The Held-McGrew-Goldblatt-Perraton Framework)

9. HIGH EXTENSITY
HIGH INTENSITY
LOW INTENSITY
LOW EXTENSITY

10. HIGH EXTENSITY
LOW IMPACT
HIGH IMPACT
LOW EXTENSITY

12. HIGH EXTENSITY
HIGH INTENSITY
LOW INTENSITY
LOW EXTENSITY

13. Thick Globalization
HIGH EXTENSITY
HIGH INTENSITY

14. Diffuse Globalization
HIGH EXTENSITY
HIGH INTENSITY

15. Expansive Globalization
HIGH EXTENSITY
LOW INTENSITY

16. Thin Globalization
HIGH EXTENSITY
LOW INTENSITY

17. ONE GLOBALIZATION
OR MANY?
Part II: Thinking Across Dimensions
(The Keohane-Nye Framework)

18. GLOBALISMS
TYPES OF GLOBALISM
ECONOMIC
DESCRIPTION
Involves long-distance flows of goods, services and capital,
and the information and perceptions that accompany
market exchange. It also involves the organization of the
processes that are linked to these flows.
MILITARY
Refers to the long-distance networks of interdependence
in which force, and the threat or promise of force, are
employed.
ENVIRONMENTAL
Refers to the long-distance transport of materials in the
atmosphere or oceans, or of biological substances such as
pathogens or genetic materials, that affect health and wellbeing.
SOCIO-CULTURAL
Involves the movement of ideas, information, images and
people.
Source: Keohane and Nye (2000)

19. INSIGHTS?
•
To ask which position in the globalization debate
is right is asking the wrong question.
•
Conceivably, the confusion may stem from the fact
that each refers to a different type of globalization
(thick, diffused, expansive, thin).
•
It is also possible that disagreement stems from the
fact that each refers to one type of globalization
when there are many that need not go together
(economic, military, environmental, socio-cultural).

20. COMBINING FRAMEWORKS: A CHECKLIST
INSIGHTS?
THICK
ECONOMIC
MILITARY
ENVIRONMENTAL
SOCIO-CULTURAL
DIFFUSE
EXPANSIVE
THIN

21. INSIGHTS?
•
Globalization implies neither universality nor
equity.
•
It is doubtful that what will arise out of
globalization is a “universal homogenous state”.
•
At best, while it is unlikely that states will become
more homogenous, the set of acceptable policy
alternatives open to them may become more
limited.
•
Different countries will be affected by and will
need to govern the effects of globalization in
different ways.
•
Making the process more equitable will be one of
the crucial projects in the future.

22. INSIGHTS?
•
•
“Political globalism” appears unlikely.
•
All politics is local (?).
Globalization itself is fraught with many
contradictions.
•
•
It subsumes the local, national and international.
•
The very factors that allow globalization to operate
also empower those that want to undermine the
global system.
It entails both integration and fragmentation (and in
this it is paradoxical).

23. に
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レ
セ
ン
テ
シ
ヨ
オ
ン
を
し
ま
す.
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