The document discusses the need for global governance to address various transnational threats and challenges that individual countries cannot handle alone, such as terrorism, weapons proliferation, environmental issues, and natural disasters. It then outlines the key components of the existing global governance framework, including international law, norms, organizations, conferences, and involvement of states, NGOs, private actors, and policy networks. Effective global cooperation across these elements is necessary to manage common problems in an increasingly interconnected world.

1. Global Governance?Global Governance?
By: Cheunboran Chanborey

2.  The world is facing with threats
and challenges that no single
country, no matter how powerful
it is, can deal with.
 Terrorists:
 September 11, 3000 deaths, including 19 hijackers
 2002 Bali Bombings: 202 deaths, 209 injuries
 2004 Madrid Bomb Attacks: 191 deaths, 2050
injuries
 2005 London bomb attacks: 56 deaths (including 4
suicide bombers), 100 injuries
Introduction

3.  Proliferation of WMDs:
 Nuclear Weapons
 Biological Weapons
 Chemical Weapons
 What will happen if WMDs
fall into the hands of terrorists?
 Environmental Degradation:
 Global warming
 Ozone layer
 Living atmosphere

4.  Natural Disasters:
 2004 Tsunami: 230,000 deaths and missing
 2008 Cyclone Nagis: 138,366 deaths, $10bn
damages
 2010 Haiti earthquake: around 92,000-230,000
deaths
 2011 Earthquake and Tsunami
in Japan: 15,756 death, 5,927
injured, and 4,460 missing

5.  Famine in the Horn of Africa:
 29,000 children may have already been perished
 UN said it has only $1.3 billion of the 2.4 billion it
needs 2 assist 12m people

6.  Flooding in Southeast Asia:
 In Cambodia, 250 people died, 18 provinces affected with the
total cost of $521 millions
 Thailand, more than 500 people died with the damage cost of
$ 3.2 billions

7.  Humanitarian Crisis in Syria:
 Death toll: nearly 300,00 people
 200,00 internally displaced people
 1.2 million registered refugees in neighboring countries

8.  Piracy and Transnational Crimes:
 Arms trafficking
 Drug trafficking
 Trafficking in persons
 Sex slavery
 Cyber crimes …
 Pandemics:
 HIV/AIDS
 Malaria, TB
 2009 A(H1N1): 16,931 deaths in more than 100
countries
 EV71: 64 deaths in Cambodia

9.  There is no world government to coordinate and
facilitate cooperation among all actors to deal with
threats and challenges.
 Therefore, global governance is especially needed.
 What is Global Governance?
“…sum of the many ways individuals and
institutions, public and private, manage their common
affairs…” (Commission on Global Governance)
“… collection of governance-related activities, rules
and mechanisms, formal and informal, existing at a
variety of levels in the world today, also referred to as
the ‘pieces of global governance’…” (Karns and Mingst)
Global Governance

10. 1. International Law
 There are 5 sources of international law: treaties or
conventions, customary practices, the writings of legal
scholars, judicial decisions, and general principles of
law)
 Much of the growth has been in treaty law (1951-1995:
3,666 new multilateral treaties were concluded)
 What is the role of the international law?
Pieces of Global Governance

11. 2. International Norms or Soft Law
 Not a binding legal documents, but rather the
standards of behaviors, such as: some human rights,
labor rights, framework conventions on climate change
and biodiversity.

12. 3. International Organizations (IGOs)
 In 2003/04, there were around 238 IGOs.
 Types: Global (UN, WTO, WHO…), Regional (ASEAN,
EU, AU, SAARC..), General purpose (UN, OAS),
Specialized (WTO, WHO, ILO, Nato..)
 Functions:
 Informational – gather, analyze, disseminate data
 Forum – exchanges of views and decision-making
 Normative – defining standards of behavior
 Rule-creating – drafting treaties
 Rule-supervisory – monitoring compliance
 Operational – actions to achieve goals

13. 4. NGOs
 There are over 6,500 NGOs that have an international
dimension either in terms of membership or commitment
to conduct activities.
 Advocating a particular cause such as human rights,
peace or environmental protection.
 Providing services such as disaster relief, humanitarian
aid…

14. 5. International Regimes
 Encompassing rules, norms and principles as well as the
practices of actors that show both how their expectations
converge and their acceptance of and compliance with
rules.
 E.g. IAEA, Kyoto Protocol

15. 6. Global Conference
 The Summit for Children in1990 in New York
 Rio Earth Summit in 1992
 Fourth World Conference on Women in 1995
 Copenhagen Conference on Climate Change (COP15)
 Cancun Conference on Climate Change (COP16)
 COP17???

16. 7. Ad hoc Arrangements
 G7
 G8
 G20
 G77

17. 8. Private Governance
 Private governance is a growing, but little studies
phenomenon.
 Private firms are attempting to establish enforceable
intellectual property rules for music, software,
harmonization of labor standards, sanitation regulation
…

18. What Actors in Global Governance?
 States
 IGOs
 NGOs
 Experts
 Global Policy Networks
 MNCs…

19. 1. Globalization1. Globalization
 What is globalization?
 What are the consequences of the phenomenon?
2. The End of the Cold War
 “The End of the History and the Last Man”? (Yoshihiro
Francis Fukuyama)
 “The Clash of Civilizations” (Samuel Huntington)
 The emerging non-traditional threats and global issues
3. Emergent Transnational Civil Society
 Global governance is needed to cooperate and facilitate
international efforts to address common threats and
challenges.
Why we need global governance?

20. Reading Materials:
Chapter I, International Organization: The
Politics and Processes of Global Governance