This document discusses different aspects of globalization and how they relate to international relations. It begins by defining globalization and cultural, social, economic, and political globalization. For each type of globalization, it provides examples and discusses both the positive and negative impacts. Specifically, it examines how globalization has influenced families, religion, and education through social globalization. It also analyzes the effects of economic globalization on developing countries. Finally, it discusses the rise of political globalization through international organizations and nongovernmental groups, and how this impacts governance on local, regional, and global levels.

1. Globalization and International
Relations
Presented by: Afifa Jamil
Maham Faraz Abbasi
Manahal Fatima
Saima Hassan

2. Globalization and IR
• This can be understood by two elements
• the opening of borders to increasingly fast flows of
goods, services, finance, people and ideas across
international borders
• the changes in institutional and policy regimes at the
international and national levels that facilitate or
promote such flows

3. • Increased in recent years
• driven by technological advances and the reduced
cost of making exchanges across borders and
distances
• Precise definition differs

5. Globalization
“A process of growing interdependence that represents a
fundamental change from a world of individual and
independent states to a world of state
interdependence.”
• Both positive and negative effects
• Interdependence refers to?
• Interdependence is often used synonymously with
globalization.

7. • Results; Political, cultural, social and economical
change
• The term globalization also includes change through
the spread of ideas, information and perceptions
which lead to cultural and social changes.
• Global Village; in which every person of the world is
connected to each other somehow.

9. Cultural Globalization
Maham Faraz Abbasi

10. Definition
“Cultural globalization refers to the transmission of
ideas, meanings and values around the world in such
a way as to extend and intensify social relations. This
process is marked by the common consumption of
cultures that have been diffused by the Internet,
popular culture media, and international travel.”

12. Examples
• Meditation
• Food
• Fashion
• Festivals
• Any other example?

13. Influence of Globalization on Culture
Positive Influence:
Not all cultures born in one civilization
World ; combination of different cultures
People of one culture ; pick up other practices
Societies have become large ; accept other people
from other cultures
Cooking , music , fashion all spread; globalization
Communication b/w different culture; creativity

14. Diversity has been valued and promoted by IO
Example?
Example:
Jerash festival in Jordan

15. Negative Influence
 multinational corporations; promoting a consumer
culture, exploitation of workers and markets and
influencing societal values
Global access to information; opened way to
acquire cultural property
Songs, dance etc
 local cultures are ignored

16. Examples:
1997 MTV dominated local televisions
Colonization of Latin America

17. Cultural Globalization and IR
• IR has used globalization to reach its goal of
understanding cultures
• focus on how countries, people and organizations
interact and globalization is making a profound effect
on International relations.
• They are interdependent
• A country need all these to become powerful and
influential

18. • Cultures are diminished and preserved
• The popular cultures are used to benefit the majority
and create solutions to various issues.

19. Social Globalization
By Afifa Jamil

20. • defined as the intensification of
worldwide social relations which link distant
localities in a way that local happenings are shaped
by events occurring many miles away.
• Social globalization pertains to human interaction
within communities

21. Social Networking sites
-Facebook, is the digital mapping of people's real-world
social connections that has more than 900 million active
users on the site
-Communication can be delivered in the form of text,
audio, or video.
- Global exchange of views, opinions and ideas.

22. • Social Globalization is encompassing topics like :
1. Family
2. Religion
3. Education

23. Family

24. Family
• transfer of family values and concepts of people of
different societies around the world.
• Leads to change in family morals and thinking.

25. Positive effects
• Rise of feminism has helped reshape the concept’s
about women’s status.
• Allowed to do jobs
• Traditional views about women removed

26. Negative effects
• People have bigger perceptions about the perfect life
and hence aim to leave extended families in order to
go to different areas and do jobs for progress.
• elderly being left to fend for themselves at a time
when family support becomes more crucial.
• are impacting relationships of marriage and
commitment
example: Germany recorded the lowest birthrate in
the world from 2008 to 2013

27. Religion

28. Religion
• Due to social globalization the ideas and beliefs of
different religions are portrayed to people all around
the world
• helping in awareness of the needs and customs of
people of different religions

29. Positive Effects
• Globalization brings a culture of pluralism
• religions maintain the Golden Rule: “what you do not
wish done to yourself, do not do to others.”
• globalization engenders greater religious tolerance in
such areas as politics, economics, and society.
• Social globalization has built global political forums
that integrate cultural, ethnic, and religious
differences example: UN (united nations) and OIC
(organization of Islamic Council)

30. Negative effects
• worshiping ways and practices contradict and are
mostly incompatible with each other
• Such religions tend, as a result, to be more inclined
towards clashes and competition
• Globalization can also lead to portraying negative
images of religions due to television
‘Globalization is not only seen as a rival of Islamic
ways, but also as an alien force divorced from Muslim
realities’- Anoushirvan

31. Education

32. Education
• rapid developments in technology and
communications are foreseeing changes within
learning systems across the world
• Ideas, values and knowledge, changing the roles of
students and teachers

33. Positive effects
• increasing access to the world
• is shaping children, the future citizens of the world
into ‘global citizens
• intelligent people with a broad range of skills and
knowledge to apply to a competitive, information
based society
• introduction of technology into the classroom is
changing the nature of delivering education

34. Negative Effects
• second and third worlds have adopted educational
ideals from western thought and are anxious to appear
modern and therefore promote education as a symbol
of modernity
• has become common as the demand for high quality
goods has risen

35. Economic Globalization
Presented by: Manahal Fatima

36. The picture says it all…

37. What is Economic Globalization?:
• Phenomenon in which economy of a country depends
on another country
• Countries interchange resources
• EXTREMELY important role of economic relations
between countries
• WHO, IMF, EU, WTO, UN etc play an important role
• International Trade: exchange of services and goods
Examples?

38. • Effects a country’s policies and laws
• WTO supervises trades

39. Advantages of Economic Globalization:
• Increase in productivity
• Economic growth
• International peace
• Cultural awareness

40. Disadvantages of Economic Globalization:
• Depletion of resources
• Violation of human rights
• Power politics
Examples?
• Threat to local market
• Examples?
• Interdependence

41. Aspects of Economic Globalization and IR:
• Easier transport of goods
• Cross-border employment
• Free trade
• Reduction in cultural barriers, effective for economic
globalization
• Faster flow of information; economic relations are
dependent of information

42. Effects of Economic Globalization on Developing
Countries:
Positive Effects:
• Increased standard of living
• Access to newer markets
• Introduction to newer technologies
• Stability

43. Negative Effects:
• Widening disparity in income
• Expansion of gap between countries
• No fair trade

44. Examples of Economic Globalization?
• Parts of automobiles being assembled in United
States while coming from Japan
• A shirt sold in France could have been made from
Chinese cotton by workers in Thailand
• Dozens of Asian restaurants in a western country
• A fashion trend in Europe can come all the way to
Pakistan

45. Political Globalization
by:Saima Hassan

46. What is Political Globalization?
 Increasing trend toward multilateralism, toward an
emerging ‘transnational state apparatus,’ and toward
the emergence of national and international
nongovernmental organizations that act as watchdogs
over governments and have increased their activities
and influence

47. Examples of Political Globalization
 European Union (EU)
 Intergovernmental agencies like the:
• International Monetary Fund (IMF)
• World Trade Organization (WTO)
• United Nations (EU)

48. Introduction of Political Globalization
• At the political makeup of the international system,
there have been a number of new institutions and
organizations, such as international alliance
institutions
• The rise of non-state actors has brought a new
dimension to international politics
• Political globalization refers to the increasing number
and power of human associations

49. Continue
• Through political globalization governments can
absorb the experiences from other countries
• For example, today, china has learnt Open political
psychology and democratic political conception from
other countries
• Political globalization accelerates the conflict
between east and west. For example:
• Some governments will distort correct values; even
support other country's terrorist forces

50. Political Globalization Takes Place on
Three Levels
• In international agreements and contracts(also:
governmental agreements)
• In international organizations (governmental and non-
governmental)
• Around the world as a result of the internet
communication system

51. Global Political Issues Mean Global
Political Institutions
• State economies and cultures have become connected
• Global political issues are emerging such as:
Terrorism, Climate Change, Disease, International
Business, and International Crime
• Global political institutions are developed in an effort
to help create global goals for all states and to
coordinate international efforts
• Some of these institutions include: IMF, WTO, UN
and WHO

52. Non-Governmental Organizations
• Amnesty International, Free the Children, and
Greenpeace
• All fight for a specific cause by placing increased
pressure on state Governments and Corporations
• Goal is improving policies and Government actions
• As an example, an organization may use the media
and peaceful protests to draw attention to a specific
issue

53. Global Governance
• A movement towards political integration of
transnational actors
• Aim is negotiating responses to problems that affect
more than one state or region
• Institutions of global governance are: United Nations,
the International Criminal Court, the World Bank

54. Political Globalization on the Municipal
and Provincial Level
• Between various sub state authorities
• An example of international cooperation on the
municipal level is the rise of powerful city network
• ”Global cities” like Tokyo, London, New York and
Singapore tend to be more closely connected to each
other then they are too many cities in their home
countries

55. Political Globalization on the Regional
Level
• Proliferation of multilateral organization and
agreements
• For example, the European Community began in
1950 with French Foreign Minister Robert Schuman’s
• Half a century later, 15 member states have formed a
close community with political institution

56. Political Globalization on a Global Level
• International organizations including the UN, NATO
and WTO
• These organizations is open to state only, and the
decision making authority lies with representatives
from nation governance

57. Pros of Political Globalization
• Access to international aid and support
• It contributes to world peace
• Smaller countries can work together and gain more
influence internationally
• International organizations are often committed to
spread values like freedom and to fight abuses within
countries
• Governments can learn from each other

58. Cons of Political Globalization
• State sovereignty is reduced
• The functioning of international and supranational
organizations is often not “democratic”
• Big countries can shape decisions in supranational
organizations
• Sometimes countries can veto decisions

59. Critical Analysis
 Globalization has both positive and negative effects
• A positive view of globalization is that it has the
potential to increase productivity and living standards
everywhere
• It increases the GDP of a country
• It increases the global village effect

60. • The greatest disadvantage of globalization is the
uneven distribution of wealth
• Cultural values of a nation are also “lost” in the
process of globalization
• Globalization has eradicated the concept of self-
dependency of a nation
• Considering all the aspects, globalization does more
harm than good to any country

61. THANK YOU!