At the end of the lesson, you should be able to:
1. Capture and analyze your feelings in personal moral experiences;
2. compare reasonable and emotional responses;
3. check real-life cases against the 7-step model;
At the end of the lesson, you should be able to:
1. Capture and analyze your feelings in personal moral experiences;
2. compare reasonable and emotional responses;
3. check real-life cases against the 7-step model;
Norm
Norm of Morality
• Types of norm:
Eternal Divine Law
Human Reason
Law as the object norm of morality
• General Notion of Law
o Law of Nature
o Natural Law
Moral Law
o Essential Elements for a Law to be Reasonable:
• Divisions of Law
o Eternal Law
The Natural Moral Law
Law of Conscience
i. Attributes of the Natural Law
ii. The Contents of Natural Law
Formal norms
Material norms
Human Positive Law
Law as the subject norm of morality
Conscience
• Conscience as an Act of Intellect
(Judgement of Reason)
• Conscience as a Practical Moral Judgement
• Conscience as the Proximate Norm of Morality
• Kinds of Conscience
i. Correct or True Conscience
ii. Erroneous of False conscience
Invincibly erroneous conscience
Vincibly erroneous conscience
Perplexed conscience
Pharisaical conscience
i. Certain Conscience
ii. Doubtful Conscience
iii. Scrupulous Conscience
iv. Lax Conscience
At the end of the lesson, you should be able to:
Explain the relationship between individual acts and character;
Identify and articulate each stage of moral development.
This presentation is all about the Ethical Frameworks or Moral Framework which helps us to determine how to solve a problem that might occur from our moral judgement and issues.
At the end of the lesson, you should be able to:
1. identify the moral challenges of globalization
2. compare responses to shared moral dilemmas of baby boomers and millennials
3. state qualities of the filinnials
4. construct a plan for the coping with the challenges of globalization .
Topic: DEONTOLOGICAL ETHICAL THEORY
Contents:
A. Historical Origin
Early beginning of human civilization
• The word of the king is the law
Deontological
Greek word “dein” or “deon” meaning “To be obligated” or simply “duty”
B.Kants’ Major Contribution to Deontological Theory
Immanuel Kant (1724-1804)
• Avid defender of deontological theory
• Contributed as many important and brilliant ideas to the philosophical study of ethics
C.The Good Will: The Core of Kant’s Ethics
Morality of an action lies on the inner motive rather than the external effects
Kants’ ethics primarily based on good will
Duty must be done out of pure reverence to the moral law
D.Duty over Inclination
“A person is only acting morally only when he suppresses his feelings and inclinations and does that which he is obliged to do”
Inclination
means doing the things that one’s feels like doing, and thus no obligation exists.
Example:
Helping your neighbor to fix her flat tire.
• Three possible reasons of helping:
1) Expectation of the reward-immoral
2) Pity-immoral
3) Duty-moral
1 is done out of desire to get a reward and 2 is done out of emotion thus, the acts are considered immoral. On the other hand, 3 is done out of obligation and this makes the act moral.
E.Duty is Superior to Happiness
“Our duties cannot consist simply in following rules that promote pleasure and avoidance of pain as the utilitarian’s claim, since that would make right actions depend upon consequences, on how well they satisfied our desires”
Example:
1) Lying
2) Breaking promise
The above examples are immoral actions not because it can create bad consequences but because these are wrong in itself.
F.The Categorical Imperative: The Universalizability Principle
“Act only according to that maxim by which you can at the same time will that it should become a universal law”
Maxim is a personal and subjective guiding principle
We must universalize our moral judgement
G.The Principle of Humanity (Respect for Persons)
Also known as ’Principle of Ends’
Concerns respect for the dignity of persons
Rational beings are ends in themselves
Do not treat others as means
H.Autonomy of The Will (Kingdom of Ends)
“For without personal autonomy, Morality becomes an impossibility”
Autonomous will
The will becomes autonomous when the genuinely moral actions are chosen:
• Freely
• Rationally
• By The Self (Autonomously)
Kingdom of ends
It is a moral universe of the moral beings in which:
• Respect for Intrinsic Worth
• Respect for Value of All Persons
is exercised by everyone.
Norm
Norm of Morality
• Types of norm:
Eternal Divine Law
Human Reason
Law as the object norm of morality
• General Notion of Law
o Law of Nature
o Natural Law
Moral Law
o Essential Elements for a Law to be Reasonable:
• Divisions of Law
o Eternal Law
The Natural Moral Law
Law of Conscience
i. Attributes of the Natural Law
ii. The Contents of Natural Law
Formal norms
Material norms
Human Positive Law
Law as the subject norm of morality
Conscience
• Conscience as an Act of Intellect
(Judgement of Reason)
• Conscience as a Practical Moral Judgement
• Conscience as the Proximate Norm of Morality
• Kinds of Conscience
i. Correct or True Conscience
ii. Erroneous of False conscience
Invincibly erroneous conscience
Vincibly erroneous conscience
Perplexed conscience
Pharisaical conscience
i. Certain Conscience
ii. Doubtful Conscience
iii. Scrupulous Conscience
iv. Lax Conscience
At the end of the lesson, you should be able to:
Explain the relationship between individual acts and character;
Identify and articulate each stage of moral development.
This presentation is all about the Ethical Frameworks or Moral Framework which helps us to determine how to solve a problem that might occur from our moral judgement and issues.
At the end of the lesson, you should be able to:
1. identify the moral challenges of globalization
2. compare responses to shared moral dilemmas of baby boomers and millennials
3. state qualities of the filinnials
4. construct a plan for the coping with the challenges of globalization .
Topic: DEONTOLOGICAL ETHICAL THEORY
Contents:
A. Historical Origin
Early beginning of human civilization
• The word of the king is the law
Deontological
Greek word “dein” or “deon” meaning “To be obligated” or simply “duty”
B.Kants’ Major Contribution to Deontological Theory
Immanuel Kant (1724-1804)
• Avid defender of deontological theory
• Contributed as many important and brilliant ideas to the philosophical study of ethics
C.The Good Will: The Core of Kant’s Ethics
Morality of an action lies on the inner motive rather than the external effects
Kants’ ethics primarily based on good will
Duty must be done out of pure reverence to the moral law
D.Duty over Inclination
“A person is only acting morally only when he suppresses his feelings and inclinations and does that which he is obliged to do”
Inclination
means doing the things that one’s feels like doing, and thus no obligation exists.
Example:
Helping your neighbor to fix her flat tire.
• Three possible reasons of helping:
1) Expectation of the reward-immoral
2) Pity-immoral
3) Duty-moral
1 is done out of desire to get a reward and 2 is done out of emotion thus, the acts are considered immoral. On the other hand, 3 is done out of obligation and this makes the act moral.
E.Duty is Superior to Happiness
“Our duties cannot consist simply in following rules that promote pleasure and avoidance of pain as the utilitarian’s claim, since that would make right actions depend upon consequences, on how well they satisfied our desires”
Example:
1) Lying
2) Breaking promise
The above examples are immoral actions not because it can create bad consequences but because these are wrong in itself.
F.The Categorical Imperative: The Universalizability Principle
“Act only according to that maxim by which you can at the same time will that it should become a universal law”
Maxim is a personal and subjective guiding principle
We must universalize our moral judgement
G.The Principle of Humanity (Respect for Persons)
Also known as ’Principle of Ends’
Concerns respect for the dignity of persons
Rational beings are ends in themselves
Do not treat others as means
H.Autonomy of The Will (Kingdom of Ends)
“For without personal autonomy, Morality becomes an impossibility”
Autonomous will
The will becomes autonomous when the genuinely moral actions are chosen:
• Freely
• Rationally
• By The Self (Autonomously)
Kingdom of ends
It is a moral universe of the moral beings in which:
• Respect for Intrinsic Worth
• Respect for Value of All Persons
is exercised by everyone.
Morality is the differentiation of intentions,decisions and actions between those that are distinguised as proper and those that are improper.In other words,it is the disjunction between right and wrong.
Morality can be a body of standards or principles derived from a code of conduct from a particular philosphy ,religion or culture ,or it can derive from a standard of that a person belives should be universal. Morality can also be called to be synonymous with “rightness” or “goodness”.
Values And Ethics – How Are They Different?Satjitkumar
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Lesson 2 of PHILO101-Ethics under the Commission on Higher Education, or CHED, for Colleges, Universities and other Higher Education Institutions who cater or offer Ethics courses,
Explains the meaning of two interrelated but distinct concepts of ethics and morality,states its need for public servants and the ways a public servant should pursue his career by following ethical principles of behaviour
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For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
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Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
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Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
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A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
2. Morality may refer to the standards
that a person or a group has about
what is right and wrong, or good
evil.
3. Moral Standards are those concerned
with or relating to human behavior,
especially the distinction between good
and bad (or right and wrong) behavior.
4. Moral standards
◦ involve the rules people have about the kinds
of actions they believe are morally right and
wrong
◦ Some ethicists equate moral standards
with moral values and moral principles.
5. Non-moral standards
◦ refer to rules that are
unrelated to moral or ethical considerations.
◦ Basic examples of non-moral standards include
rules of etiquette, fashion standards, rules in
games, and various house rules.
6. Six (6) characteristics of moral standards further
differentiate them from non-moral standards:
7. a. Moral standards involve serious
wrongs or significant benefits.
◦Moral standards deal with matters
which can seriously impact, that is,
injure or benefit human beings. It is
not the case with many non-moral
standards. For instance, following or
violating some basketball rules may
matter in basketball games but does
not necessarily affect one’s life or
wellbeing.
8. b. Moral standards ought to be
preferred to other values.
◦ Moral standards have overriding character
or hegemonic authority. If a moral
standard states that a person has the
moral obligation to do something, then
he/she is supposed to do that even if it
conflicts with other non-moral standards,
and even with self-interest.
9. c. Moral standards are not established
by authority figures.
◦ Moral standards are not invented, formed, or
generated by authoritative bodies or persons such
as nations’ legislative bodies. Ideally instead, these
values ought to be considered in the process of
making laws. In principle therefore, moral standards
cannot be changed nor nullified by the decisions of
particular authoritative body. One thing about these
standards, nonetheless, is that its validity lies on the
soundness or adequacy of the reasons that are
considered to support and justify them.
10. d. Moral standards have the trait of
universalizability.
◦ Simply put, it means that everyone should
live up to moral standards. To be more
accurate, however, it entails that moral
principles must apply to all who are in the
relevantly similar situation. If one judges
that act A is morally right for a certain
person P, then it is morally right for
anybody relevantly similar to P.
11. e. Moral standards are based on
impartial considerations.
◦Moral standard does not evaluate
standards on the basis of the
interests of a certain person or
group, but one that goes beyond
personal interests to a universal
standpoint in which each person’s
interests are impartially counted as
equal.
12. f. Moral standards are associated with
special emotions and vocabulary.
◦Prescriptively indicates the practical
or action-guiding nature of moral
standards. These moral standards
are generally put forth as injunction
or imperatives (such as, ‘Do not kill,’
‘Do no unnecessary harm,’ and ‘Love
your neighbor’).