Globalization refers to the increasing integration and interdependence of economies, societies, and cultures around the world through cross-border movement of goods, capital, services, technologies and people. It involves growing economic, political and cultural interconnectedness between societies. While globalization has increased standards of living and competition, critics argue it can also result in job losses, cultural loss, spread of diseases and environmental issues if left unregulated.

1. GLOBALIZATION

2. As a complex and multifaceted phenomenon, globalization is
considered by some as a form of capitalist expansion which
entails the integration of local and national economies into a
global, unregulated market economy.
Globalization is the
process of
and integration among
people, companies, and
governments worldwide.

3. Globalism vs. globalization
• Globalism is the idea that events in one country cannot
be separated from those in another and
that economic and foreign policy should be planned in
an international way.
https://www.merriam-webster.com/
• the attitude or policy of placing the interests of the entire world
above those of individual nations.
• https://www.dictionary.com/browse/globalism

4. • Another is viewing the entire world as a proper sphere for
one nation to project political influence.
• American political scientist Joseph Nye, co-founder of the
international relations theory of neoliberalism, argues that
• globalism refers to any description and explanation of a world which is
characterized by networks of connections that span multi-continental
distances;
• while globalization refers to the increase or decline in the degree of
globalism.

5. • Though many scholars place the origins of globalization in
modern times, others trace its history to long before the
European Age of Discovery and voyages to the New World,
and some even to the third millennium BC.

6. • The term first appeared in the early 20th century,
• developed its current meaning some time in the second half
of the 20th century,
• came into popular use in the 1990s.
• Large-scale globalization began in the 1820s,
• in the late 19th century and early 20th century drove a rapid
expansion in the connectivity of the world's economies and
cultures.

7. TYPES
•Political Globalization
•Cultural Globalization
•

8. Economic globalization is the
increasing economic interdependence
of national economies across the
world through a rapid increase in
cross-border movement of goods,
services, technology, and capital.
the process of increasing economic
integration between countries, leading
to the emergence of a global
marketplace or a single world market.

9. • Cultural globalization refers to the transmission of ideas,
meanings, and values around the world in such a way as
to extend and intensify social relations.
• This process is marked by the common consumption of
cultures that have been diffused by the Internet, popular
culture media, and international travel.

10. • The circulation of cultures
enables individuals to partake in
extended social relations that
cross national and regional
borders. The creation and
expansion of such social
relations is not merely observed
on a material level.
• Cultural globalization involves
the formation of shared norms
and knowledge with which
people associate their individual
and collective cultural identities.
• It brings increasing
interconnectedness among
different populations and
cultures.

11. • Political globalization
refers to the growth of the
worldwide political system,
both in size and complexity.
• That system includes national governments, their
governmental and intergovernmental organizations as well
as government-independent elements of global civil society
such as international non-governmental organizations and
social movement organizations.

12. • One of the key aspects of the political globalization is the
declining importance of the nation-state and the rise of other
actors on the political scene.
• William R. Thompson has defined it as "the expansion of a
global political system, and its institutions, in which inter-
regional transactions (including, but certainly not limited to
trade) are managed".
• Political globalization is one of the three main dimensions of
globalization commonly found in academic literature, with the
two other being economic globalization and cultural
globalization.

13. • Financial globalization: can be linked with the rise of a
global financial system with international financial
exchanges and monetary exchanges.
Stock markets, for instance, are a great example of the
financially connected global world since when one stock
market has a decline, it affects other markets negatively as
well as the economy as a whole.
• Sociological globalization: information moves almost in
real-time, together with the interconnection and
interdependence of events and their consequences.
People move all the time too, mixing and integrating
different societies;

14. • Technological globalization: the phenomenon by which millions
of people are interconnected thanks to the power of the digital
world via platforms such as Facebook, Instagram, Skype or
Youtube.
• Geographic globalization: is the new organization and hierarchy
of different regions of the world that is constantly changing.
Moreover, with transportation and flying made so easy and
affordable, apart from a few countries with demanding visas, it is
possible to travel the world without barely any restrictions;
• Ecological globalization: accounts for the idea of considering
planet Earth as a single global entity – a common good all societies
should protect since the weather affects everyone and we are all
protected by the same atmosphere. To this regard, it is often said
that the poorest countries that have been polluting the least will
suffer the most from climate change.
• https://youmatter.world/en/definition/definitions-globalization-definition-benefits-effects-
examples/

15. GLOBALIZATION: good or bad

16. Positive Aspects of Globalization:
1. improved standard of living;
2. competition results to low prices and good product quality;
3. developing countries reap benefits without going through the
growing pains;
4. governments cooperate to achieve common goals; and
5. greater access to foreign culture creating more choices.

17. Negative Aspects of Globalization:
1. outsourcing take away jobs;
2. some cultural beliefs fade or disappear;
3. diseases spread;
4. lack of regulation lead to environmental degradation;
5. poor countries adopt policies not applicable to them.