Medical college lectures: GIT 4th year.

2. High Prevalence of Gastroesophageal Reflux Symptoms

22. Pathophysiology of Extraesophageal GERD

24. Complications: Oesophagitis

37. The LA Classification system – Grade A reflux esophagitis Stomach Grade A : One (or more) mucosal break, no longer than 5 mm, that does not extend between the tops of two mucosal folds.

38. The LA Classification system – Grade B reflux esophagitis Stomach Grade B : One (or more) mucosal break, more than 5 mm long, that does not extend between the tops of two mucosal folds.

39. The LA Classification system – Grade C reflux esophagitis Stomach Grade C : One (or more) mucosal break that is continuous between the tops of two or more mucosal folds, but which involves less than 75% of the circumference.

40. The LA Classification system – Grade D reflux esophagitis Stomach Grade D : One (or more) mucosal break that involves at least 75% of the esophageal circumference.

42. Ambulatory 24 hr. pH Monitoring Normal GERD

48. Effectiveness of Medical Therapies for GERD Treatment Response Lifestyle modifications/antacids 20 % H 2 -receptor antagonists 50 % Single-dose PPI 80 % Increased-dose PPI up to 100 %

53. Erosive Esophagitis

54. Peptic Stricture Barium Swallow Endoscopy

55. Esophageal Stricture: Dilating Devices

56. TTS Balloon Dilation of a Peptic Stricture

57. Barrett’s Esophagus

58. Esophageal Cancer Barium Swallow Endoscopy

62. Time is cruel: