Choledocholithiasis is one of the main causes for Obstructive Jaundice.In this ppt presentation, I have discussed the etiology, clinical features, complications, investigations and management of Choledocholithiasis. I have also included a mindmap and 2 algorithms for Choledocholithiasis. I hope you will find it very useful and interesting.
Choledocholithiasis is one of the main causes for Obstructive Jaundice.In this ppt presentation, I have discussed the etiology, clinical features, complications, investigations and management of Choledocholithiasis. I have also included a mindmap and 2 algorithms for Choledocholithiasis. I hope you will find it very useful and interesting.
Gallstones- The ailment and its alleviation with Homeopathy.Welcome Cure LLP
Gall stones are hardened, solidified deposits of bile formed within the gallbladder. They cause no symptoms in two out of three people who have them. The most prominent symptom is severe colicky pain in the upper right side of the abdomen accompanied by nausea and vomiting. Pain usually occurs at night and after eating a fatty meal. The risk of forming gallstones increases with pregnancy, obesity, diabetes, rapid weight loss, etc. Homeopathy is a highly effective, quick and painless mode of relieving the agony and distress caused by Gallstones in most of the patients. Homeopathic medicines help dissolve the small and medium sized gallstones completely and help preserve the gallbladder. You can find more of such informative Power Point Presentations as well as other useful health information at www.welcomecure.com, the definitive online homeopathic treatment portal.
www.welcomecure.com
MURPHY'S SIGN of cholecystitis/gallbladder: sign of acute or chronic cholecys...Jibran Mohsin
This presentation gives answer to the question regarding MURPHY'S SIGN (of cholecystitis/gallbladder) that whether it is sign of ACUTE CHOLECYSTITIS or CHRONIC CHOLECYSTITIS?
Cholelithiasis (calculi or gallstones) usually form in the gallbladder from the solid constituents of bile and vary greatly in size, shape and composition.
Gallstones:
Most common biliary pathology
Asymptomatic in majority of cases (>80%)
Approx. 1–2% of asymptomatic patients develop symptoms requiring cholecystectomy per year.
The lecture overviews the different situations where cholecystitis can be fatal,if not accurately diagnosed.Different types of dangerous cholecystitis are illustrated with their imaging findings.
etiology ,classifications of gall stones & causes,risk factors,presentations, clinical examinations ,investigations including radiological (role of ERCP and MRCP ) and serological ,treatment including surgical and non surgical ,post cholecystectomy syndrome and its management ,Iindicatrions for cholecystectomy and cholecystotomy & when to perform ,complications of gall stones ,preventions of gall stone disease
gall stone disease, etiology , pathogenesis , risk factors ,types of gall stones,clinical feature, diagnosis , medical and surgical treatment of gall stones , prevention of gall stones
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
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Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
Atrioventricular conduction blocks ( AV blocks ) are classified into 3 types.
This document describes the acute management of AV block.
1. Acute & Chronic Lithiatic
And Non Lithiatic
Cholecystitis
By:Moh.Mujib Munirzai
Amiri Medical Complex
Date:19/11/2016
2. ACUTE CHOLECYSTITIS
• Acute cholecystitis is inflammation of the
gallbladder that develops over hours, usually
because a gallstone obstructs the cystic duct.
• Most patients have had prior attacks of biliary
colic or acute cholecystitis.
• Pain lasts longer (i.e. >6hr) than in biliary
colic and more severe.
• Acute cholecystitis begins to subside in 2 to 3
days and resolves within 1 week in 85% of
patients.
3. Pathogenesis
• Obstruction of the cysticduct
• Brief impaction may cause pain only
• Inflammationthe gallbladder
– Enlarged
– Tense
– Reddened
– Wallthickening
– Exudate of peri-cholecystic fluid
4. • BACTERIA
– E.coli
– Enterococci
– Anerobes(bacteriods)
– klebsilla
• The wall of the gallbladder may undergo
necrosis and gangrene (gangrenous
cholecystitis).
• Bacterial super-infection with gas-forming
organisms may lead to gas in the wall or
lumen of the gallbladder(emphysematous
cholecystitis).
5.
6.
7.
8. Diagnosis
• Clinical findings
• The main symptom of uncomplicated
– biliarycolic
– caused by the obstruction of the gallbladder neck bya stone.
• The pain is characteristically
• Episodic
• Severe
• Located in the epigastrium or RUQ.
• Radiates into the back
– It frequentlyfollows after
• food intake or comes on at night.
• Accompanied by nauseaand vomiting.
9. Diagnosis
• Physical Exam:
• Murphy's sign
– The arrest of inspirationwhile palpating the gallbladder
during a deep breath.
• Palpable gallbladder because of fibroses,
empyema and hydrops GB
10. Diagnosis
• B. Laboratory finding
• Leukocytosis or normal WBC
• Serum bilirubin mildly high
• Alkalinphosphatas mildly high
• Amylase high
• C. Imaging studies
– Plain X-ray in 15% calcium stones
– Ultrasound studies is very sensitive and shows: stones, sludge,
wall thickness, perigalbladder collection, subhepatic collections
– Ultrasound Murphy sign will be positive
11. USG
• Sensitive
• Inexpensive
• Reliable
» Sensitivity 85% and Specificity 95%
What will you look in USG?
1.GallStone
2.Pericholecystic fluid
3.GB wall thickening
4.Sonographic murphy’s sign
13. Differential diagnosis
• Acute peptic ulcer with or without
perforation, by radiography abdomen with
pneumopritoneum
• Acute appendicitis specially in subhepatic
location by scan, ultrasound
• Acute pancreatitis by lipase, CT Scan
15. 2. perforation
a. Pericholecystic abscess: is common, palpable mass,
toxication, fever, WBC . Treats by cholecystectomy in
poor condition subcutaneous cholecystostomy.
b. Free perforation: occurs in1-2% in early gangrene
before adhesion formation and in rupture of localized
abscess with sudden pain.
3. Cholecystoenteric fistula: with stomach, duodenum,
colon adherent and necrosis and then fistula formation,
gallstone ileus, malabsorption and steatorhea. In most
cases fistula has no significant symptoms and clinic.
Gangrene and
perforation
16. 3 main things to take therapeutic
decision:
I. Diagnosis is established
II. Susceptible general condition by
coexistent diseases
III. Sigs of local complications of acute
cholecystitis
17. Emergency cholecystectomy perform
in:
Empyema gallbladder: high fever, leukocytosis, chills
Nonlithiatic cholecystitis
Signs of local complications of acute cholecystitis:
subhepatic local collection, perigalbladder collection,
sludge bile
Free perforation: sudden abdominal pain on the period of
acute cholecystitis
All patients needs urgent cholecystectomy, but in poor
condition patients percutaneous cholecystostomy
advised
19. Surgery in a/c Cholecystitis
When presents within 2 to 3 days LAP CHOLECYSTECTOMY
When presents more than 3 days INTERVAL CHOLECYSTECTOMY
after 6 weeks
Empyema, Persisting and Progressing Symptoms EMERGENCY
CHOLECYSTECTOMY
20. Acute acalculous cholecystitis
• 5-10% of cases of acute cholecystitis
• Seen in critically ill pts or prolonged TPN
• More likely to progress to gangrene, empyema & perforation due
to ischemia
• Caused by gallbladder stasis from lack of enteral stimulation by
cholecystokinin
• Emergent operation is needed
21. Chronic Cholecystitis
• Long-standing gallbladder inflammation almost
always due to gallstones.
• Chronically Inflammed Thickened Gallbladder
which is NONFunctioning NONdistending
• Extensive calcification due to fibrosis is called
porcelain gallbladder.
30. summary
Cholecystectomy is preferable method for
treatment of acute cholecystitis
In poor condition patients percutaneous
cholecystostomy advised
Just evacuation of bile is enough not
stones
Post improving of general condition
cholecystectomy should be done