Geographic Information System(GIS)

1. Geographic Information
System(GIS)

2. Geographic Information Technology
Basic of GIS

3. Elements of Geographic Information Technology
1. Remote Sensing
2. Global Positioning System
3. Geographic Information Systems
Basic of GIS (cont.)

4. 1.Remote Sensing(RS)
◦ use of satellites or aircraft to capture information about
the earth’s surface.
◦ Digital or the images a key product (map accurate digital
photos).
Basic of GIS (cont.)

5. 2. Global Positioning System (GPS)
⚫ a system of earth-orbiting satellites which can provide precise
(100 meter to sub-cm.) location on the earth’s surface (in
latitude/longitude coordinates or equivalency).
Basic of GIS (cont.)
SATELLITES GROUND STATION RECEIVERS
PERSONAL USES BUSINESS USES

6. 3. Geographic Information System(GIS)
◦ Software systems with capability for input, storage,
manipulation/analysis and output/display of geographic
(spatial) information.
Basic of GIS (cont.)

7. Geographic Information System
1.Geographic Information System related technology
1.1 Computer Science
1.2 Survey and Mapping
1.3 Database Management System
1.4 Remote Sensing
2. Geographic Information System Analysis
2.1 Manual Approach
2.2 Computer Assisted Approach
Basic of GIS (cont.)

8. Software
Components of GIS (cont.)

9. Hardware
Components of GIS

10. Data
Components of GIS (cont.)

11. People
Components of GIS (cont.)

12. Methods or procedures
Components of GIS (cont.)

13. Spatial Characteristics
specifies location stored in a shape file, geo-database or
similar geographic file
◦ Raster representation
as image files composed of grid-cells (pixels)
◦ Vector representation
as geometric objects: points, lines, polygons
Characteristics of GIS Information

14. Attribute Characteristics
specifies characteristics at that location, natural or human-
created stored in a data base table
- Nominal Level
- Ranking Level
- Ratio Level
Characteristics of GIS Information
(Cont.)

15. Vector Structure
- Point Entities
- Linear Entities
- Area Entities
Raster Structure
GIS Structure and Data Input

16. Data Input
GIS Structure and Data Input(cont.)

17. Facilities management
Marketing and retailing
Environmental
Transport/vehicle routing
Health
Insurance
and many more . . .
Benefits of Geographic Information System

18. END