Precision agriculture uses information technology to optimize crop and soil management down to sub-field levels. It relies on precision agriculture technologies like GPS, weather stations, remote sensing, digital elevation models, soil surveys, databases, and GIS to collect and analyze spatial data on variables like soil type, temperature and moisture. This data is used to identify management zones and strategically implement practices that ensure crops and soil receive exactly what they need to maximize health and productivity.

1. Presenting to: Engineer Shehzad
Ahmed
Presenting : Group 8

3. Precision Agriculture
 Precision agriculture (PA) is an approach to farm management that uses
information technology (IT) to ensure that the crops and soil receive exactly
what they need for optimum health and productivity.

4. Precision Agriculture Technology
 Technologies used for Precision
Agriculture are called Precision
Agriculture Technologies.
 Technologies used to ensure that the
crops and soil receive exactly what
they need for optimum health of crop
and crop production, these
technologies are called Precision
Agriculture technologies.

5. Precision Agriculture Technologies
 Global Positioning Systems (GPS)
 Meteorological Stations
 Remote Sensing
 Digital Elevation Models (DEM)
 High Resolution Soil Surveys
 Relational Databases
 Geographic Information Systems (GIS)

6. Global Positioning Systems (GPS)
 It provides satellite-based geo-referenced for mapping field environmental
variability.
 It is a space-based radio-navigation system
 It is owned by the United States government and operated by the United States
Air Force.

7. Function of GPS:
 It is a global navigation satellite system that provides geo-location and time
information to a GPS receiver anywhere on or near the Earth

8. Component of GPS:
 Satellites
 ground stations
 receivers

9. Purpose of Using GPS in Agriculture:
 Farm planning
 Field mapping
 Soil sampling
 Tractor guidance
 Crop scouting
 Variable rate applications
 Yield mapping

10. Meteorological Stations
 It monitors climatic factors
important for crop growth
and crop ripening like
temperature, precipitation,
humidity, and wind.

11. Component of Meteorological Stations
 Thermometer
 Barometer
 Hygrometer
 Anemometer
 Pyranometer
 Rain gauge

12. Working of Weather Station
 Thermometer for measuring air and field surface temperature.
 Barometer for measuring atmospheric pressure
 Hygrometer for measuring humidity
 Anemometer for measuring wind speed
 Pyranometer for measuring solar radiation
 Rain gauge for measuring liquid precipitation over a set period of time.

13. Remote Sensing:
 Satellite and airborne platforms provides images shows crop conditions, e.g.
Crop productivity plant height etc.
Component of Remote Sensing:
 Satellite
 Airborne platforms
 Sensor

14. Working of Remote Sensing:
 Remote sensors collect data by
detecting the energy that is
reflected from Earth.
 These sensors can be on lites or
mounted on aircraft.
 Remote sensing is the collection of
information about an object or
phenomenon without making
physical touch.

15. Type of Remote Sensing:
 Passive Remote Sensing:
Passive sensors respond to external stimuli.
They record natural energy that is reflected or
emitted from the Earth's surface.
 Active Remote Sensing:
External Stimuli is absent in active remote
sensing.
High resolution sensing can be used to measure
attributes of individual tree crowns composing
the forest canopy.

16. Digital Elevation Models (DEM):
 A digital elevation model (DEM) is a digital model or 3D representation of a
land surface
 It is commonly used for a planet including Earth, moon, or asteroid 3D
pictures.

17. Role of Digital Elevation Models in PA.
 In precision agriculture it provides detailed topographic
information of field.
 It can be used to help the implementation of the
applications of precision conservation management
practices.
 DEM-based topography to identify runoff-contributing
areas and calculate slopes for use in field-runoff and
buffer-filtration models.

18. Methods for obtaining elevation data
used to create DEMs:
 Range imaging
 Surveying and mapping drones
 Topographic maps
 Stereo photogrammetry from
aerial surveys

19. High Resolution Soil Surveys:
 Assist decision makers to make classical field surveys including soil sampling and
laboratory analyses.
 Spectral bands of satellite images used.

20. Uses of High Resolution Soil Surveys
in PAT.
 In precision Agriculture it provides detailed information about soil fertility
and hydrologic characteristics.
 Digital soil maps (DSMs) use traditional soil survey information and can be the
basis for PA subfield delineation (e.g., management zones). However, public
soil survey maps provide only general descriptions of soil-landscape features

21. Relational Databases
 It organizes environmental and economic information in precision
agriculture.
 A relational database stores data in tables.
 Tables are organized into columns, and each column
 stores one type of data (integer, real number, character strings, date, …)

22. Uses of Relation Database in PA
 The core line of the approach is capturing of explicit knowledge relevant to
given business activities into multidimensional databases.
 Provide data of relevant knowledge and provide them on-demand is very up
to date.

23. Geographic Information Systems (GIS)
 It provides digital tools for map-based analysis in Precision Agriculture.
 A GIS helps you answer questions and solve problems by looking at your data in a way that is quickly
understood and easily shared.

24. Role of GIS in PA
GIS application in agriculture such as
 Agricultural mapping plays a vital role in
• monitoring
• management
of soil and irrigation of any given farm land.

25. Four Stage process of Precision
Agriculture
 Data Collection
 Variables
 Strategies
 Implementing practices