This document discusses the five generations of computers from the 1940s to present. The first generation used vacuum tubes and were unreliable, costly, and generated a lot of heat. The second generation used transistors, which made computers more reliable and efficient. The third generation used integrated circuits, which further improved reliability and performance. The fourth generation began using microprocessors and VLSI technology, making computers cheaper, portable, and introducing networking. The fifth generation focuses on artificial intelligence, natural language processing, and more powerful and affordable computers.

1. Generations of Computer
-Rashi Wadhwa

2. What is a computer?
 An electronic device for storing
and processing data, typically in
binary form, according to
instructions given to it in a
variable program.
 Basic form a computer is any
device which aids humans in
performing various kinds of
computations or calculations.
 Every computer supports some
form of input, processing, and
output.

3.  Earlier computer was the
abacus, used to perform
basic arithmetic operations.
 A abacus where input,
output and processing are
simply the act of moving the
pebbles into new positions,
seeing the changed
positions, and counting.

4. Generations of Computer
 First Generation Computers (1940s –
1950s)
 Second Generation Computers (1955
– 1960)
 Third Generation Computers (1960s)
 Fourth Generation Computers (1971 –
present)
 Fifth Generation (Present and
Beyond) Artificial Intelligence

5. First Generation : Vacuum Tubes
The main features of First Generation are:
 Vacuum tube technology
 Unreliable
 Supported Machine language only
 Very costly
 Generate lot of heat
 Slow Input/Output device
 Huge size
 Need of A.C.
 Non portable
 Consumed lot of electricity
Some computer of this generation were:
 ENIAC
 EDVAC
 UNIVAC
 IBM-701
 IBM-650

6. Second Generation: Transistors
The main features of Second Generation are:
 Use of transistors
 Reliable as compared to First generation computers
 Smaller size as compared to First generation
computers
 Generate less heat as compared to First generation
computers
 Consumed less electricity as compared to First
generation computers
 Faster than first generation computers
 Still very costly
 A.C. needed
 Support machine and assmebly languages
Some computer of this generation were:
 IBM 1620
 IBM 7094
 CDC 1604
 CDC 3600
 UNIVAC 1108

7. Third Generation: Integrated
Circuits
The main features of Third Generation are:
 IC (Integrated Circuits) used
 More reliable
 Smaller size
 Generate less heat
 Faster
 Lesser maintenance
 Still costly
 A.C needed
 Consumed lesser electricity
 Support high level language
Some computer of this generation were:
 IBM-360 series
 Honeywell-6000 series
 PDP(Personal Data Processor)
 IBM-370/168
 TDC-316

8. Fourth Generation:
TMhe micairno fepatruroesc oef Fsosuroth rGseneration are:
 VLSI ( Very Large Scale
Integrated) technology used
 Very cheap
 Portable and reliable
 Use of PC's
 Very small size
 Pipeline processing
 No A.C. needed
 Concept of internet was introduced
 Great developments in the fields of networks
 Computers became easily available
Some computer of this generation were:
 DEC 10
 STAR 1000
 PDP 11
 CRAY-1(Super Computer)
 CRAY-X-MP(Super Computer)

9. Fifth Generation (Present and
Beyond) Artificial Intelligence
The main features of Fifth Generation are:
 ULSI (Ultra Large Scale Integration)
technology
 Development of true artificial intelligence
 Development of Natural language
processing
 Advancement in Parallel Processing
 Advancement in Superconductor technology
 More user friendly interfaces with
multimedia features
 Availability of very powerful and compact
computers at cheaper rates
Some computer types of this generation
are:
 Desktop
 Laptop
 NoteBook
 UltraBook
 ChromeBook