5 GENERATIONS OF COMPUTER

A5 2
• AKSHAY SHARMA
• ANURAG SAHU
• ARJIT SHARMA
• ANUJ RAGHUWANSHI
• AMAL JAIN

5
GENERA-
TIONS
MAIN
LOGIC
ELEMENT
MEMORY EXTERNAL
STORAGE
DEVICES
PROGRAM-
MING
1ST
Generation
(1946-1954)
VACUUM
TUBES
Magnetic core Punched cards Machine
Language
Assembly
Language
2nd
Generation
(1955-1964)
TRANSISTORS Magnetic core Magnetic tape
and disks
High-level
Programming
Languages

3rd
Generatio
n
(1964-
971)
4TH
Generatio
n
(1971–
Present)
5th
Generatio
n
(Present
& Beyond)
INTEGRATED
CIRCUIT
Microprocessor
Artificial
Intelligence
MOS (Metal
Oxide
Semiconducto
r)
Hard disk
HARD DISK
Magnetic
tape and
disks
Printouts by
printer
VOICE ,
PRINTED,
ETC.
C
Programming
Language
4GL
5GL
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• The history of computer development is often
referred to in reference to the
different generations of computing devices . Each
of the five generations of computers is
characterized by a major technological
development that fundamentally changed the way
computers operate, resulting in increasingly
smaller, cheaper, more powerful and more efficient
and reliable computing devices.

ANS.- Computers can be classified into five types according to
the generations i.e. time period:
• First Generation Computers
• Second Generation Computers
• Third Generation Computers
• Fourth Generation Computers
• Fifth Generation Computers

• Period : 1946-54
• Size : Size was equivalent
to a room
• Language : Machine and
Assembly language
• Main Component : Vacuum Tubes
• Input/output Media : Punched cards &
Paper tapes
• Storage Media : Magnetic drum &
Magnetic tape

• Vacuum tube technology
• Unreliable
• Supported Machine language only
• Very costly
• Generate lot of heat
• Slow Input/output device
• Huge size
• Need of A.C.
• Non-portable
Vaccum tube

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10
Advantages :
1. It was only electronic computing device.
2. First device to hold memory.
3. It was able to compute mathematical calculations.
Disadvantages :
1. . Too bulky i.e. large in size
2. . Vacuum tubes burn frequently
3. . They were producing heat
4. . Maintenance problems

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1
• Period: 1955-64
• Size: Smaller than 1st generation
• Language: Assembly & high level
language
• Main Component: Transistors
• Input/output Media: Punched cards &
printed reports
• Storage Media: Magnetic tape &
magnetic disk
Sub mitted by: A5 2nd generation

1
• Use of transistors
• Reliable as compared to First generation computers
• Smaller size as compared to First generation computers
• Generate less heat as compared to First generation
computers
• Consumed less electricity as compared to First generation
computers
• Faster than first generation computers
• Still very costly
• A.C. needed
• Support machine and assembly languages
Transistors

1
1 transistor = 40 Vacuum tubes

1
Advantages :
1. . Size reduced considerably
2. . The very fast
3. . Very much reliable
Disadvantages :
1. . They over heated quickly
2. . Maintenance problems

• Period: 1965-71
• Size: Disk size mini computers
• Language: High level language
• Main Component: ICs (Integrated Circuits)
• Input/output Media: Key to tape, key to disk & printed reports
• Storage Media: Magnetic tape & magnetic disk
• Example- IBM 360

• IC used
• More reliable and Faster
• Smaller size
• Generate less heat
• Lesser maintenance
• Still costly
• A.C. needed
• Consumed lesser electricity
• Support high-level language

Advantages :
1. . ICs are very small in size
2. . Improved performance
3. . Production cost cheap
Disadvantages :
1. . ICs are sophisticated

• Period: 1971-Present
• Size: Typewriter sized
micro computers
• Language: High level language
• Main Component: ICs with LSI (Large Scale
Integration)
• Input/output Media: Keyboard data entry,
devices & printed reports
• Storage media: Magnetic disk, floppy & optical
disk
• Example: Altair 800
A5 19

1 MICROCHIP = 40000 IC

• VLSI technology used
• Very cheap
• Portable and reliable
• Use of PC's
• Very small size
• Pipeline processing
• No A.C. needed
• Concept of internet was introduced
• Great developments in the fields of
networks
• Computers became easily available

Advantages :
1. . It is a compact
2. . Less power consumption
3. . Production cost is cheap
Disadvantages :
1. . No artificial intelligent.

1
Period: Present & beyond
Size: Credit card size micro computers
Language: Artificial intelligence language
Main Component: SLSI/ULSI
(Super/Ultra Large Scale Integration)
Input/output Media: Tactile inputs, displays
Storage Media: Optical disk & card magnetic disk
Example : Robotic toys, Mobile computers

1
• ULSI technology
• Development of true artificial
intelligence
• Development of Natural language
processing
• Advancement in Parallel Processing
• Advancement in Superconductor
technology
• More user friendly interfaces with
multimedia features
• Availability of very powerful and
compact computers at cheaper rates

1
Advantages :
1. . Artificial intelligence
2. . Expert system
3. Very low cost
Disadvantages :
1. Increasement in Unemployment

1
1
A5
First generation
Second
generation
Third generation
Fourth
generation
Fifth generation

1

5 GENERATIONS OF COMPUTER

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