The document discusses the five generations of computers from the first to fifth generation. It describes the key characteristics of each generation as computers evolved from using vacuum tubes in the first generation to integrated circuits in the third generation to microprocessors in the fourth generation. The goal of the proposed fifth generation is to develop devices with artificial intelligence that can understand natural language and have learning capabilities.

1. HISTORY AND GENERATION
OF COMPUTERS
Made By:- Shayan Amir
Class:- 7B

2. Topics
1. Introduction
2. The Generations of Computer
3. 1st Generation
4. 2nd Generation
5. 3rd Generation
6. 4th Generation
7. 5th Generation
8. Website Name and URL

3. Introduction
 A computer is a device that can be instructed to carry out
arbitrary sequences of arithmetic or logical operations
automatically.
 The ability of computers to follow generalized sets of
operations, called programs, enables them to perform an
extremely wide range of tasks.
 There are many generations of computers such as the first
generation, second generation, third generation, etc.
 The 1st computer ever made was the Z1 by a German
Konrad Zuse between 1936 and 1938.
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4. The Generations of Computer
 A generation refers to the state of improvement in the
development of a product. This term is also used in the
different advancements of ICT.
 With each new generation, the circuitry has gone smaller
and more advanced than the generation before it.
 As a result, the miniaturatization, speed, memory, and
power of the computers have increased proportionally.
 There are 5 generations of computers:- First Generation,
Second Generation, Third Generation, Fourth Generation
and Fifth Generation.
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5. 1st Generation
The First Generation computers were developed by Lee
DeForest during the period of 1940 to 1956.
A vacuum tube is a device generally used to amplify a
signal by controlling the movement of electrons in an
evacuated space.
 The first generation computers used vacuum tubes
for circuit and magnetic drums for memory, and were often
enormous, taking up entire rooms.
 They were very expensive to operate and produced a lot of
heat often causing malfunctions.
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6. 1st Generation (Continue)
 The characteristics of the 1st Generation computers are
the following:-
1) The operating systems of the first generation computers
were very slow.
2) Machine language was used for programming.
3) First generation computers were unreliable.
4) They were difficult very to program and use.
 UNIVAC, EDVAC, EDSAC, and ENIAC computers
are examples of first generation computing devices.
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7. Part of a Circuit using Vacuum Tubes
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8. 2nd Generation
 Second Generation computers were invented in 1947 by 3
scientists J. Bardeen, H.W. Brattain, and W. Shockley but
weren’t widely used until the 50s.
 A Transistor is a small device made up of semiconductor
materials like germanium and silicon.
 The Transistor made the second generation computers
faster, smaller, cheaper, more energy-efficient and more
reliable than the first-generation computers.
 Although it generated huge amounts of heat which could
damage the computer, it was still better than vacuum tubes.
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9. 2nd Generation (Continue)
 Second generation computer used the low level language
i.e. machine level language and assembly language which
made the programmers easier to specify the instructions.
 In second generation computers, magnetic core was used
as primary storage.
 Second generation computer had faster input /output
devices which thus brought improvement in the computer.
 IBM 7000, NCR 304, IBM 650, IBM 1401, ATLAS, and Mark
III are some examples of Second generation computers.
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10. A Transistor
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11. 3rd Generation
 During the period of 1964 to 1971, the Third generation
computers were developed by Jack Kilby and Robert Noyce.
 The Third generation computers used Integrated Circuits.
 Integrated Circuits (IC), sometimes called a chip or
microchip, is a semiconductor wafer on which thousands or
millions of tiny resistors, capacitors, and transistors are
fabricated.
 Transistors were miniaturized and were placed on silicon
chips which increased the speed and efficiency of
computers.
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12. 3rd Generation (Continue)
 The Third generation computers were faster, more reliable,
smaller, and cheaper compared to the Second generation
computers.
 It was due to the invention of Integrated Circuits that high
level language was developed.
 They were able to reduce computational time and had low
maintenance cost.
 Examples of third generation computers are PDP-8, PDP-
11, ICL 2900, IBM 360 and IBM 370.Topics Home

13. An Integrated Circuit
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14. 4th Generation
 The Fourth generation computers uses microprocessors
which was 1st introduced by Intel, invented by their
employee Ted Hoff.
A microprocessor is a computer processor which
incorporates the functions of a computer's CPU on a
single integrated circuit (IC), or at most a few integrated
circuits.
In microprocessors, thousands of integrated circuits are
built onto a single silicon chip, which means more speed,
accuracy, and reliability.Topics Home

15. 4th Generation (Continue)
 The Fourth generation computers are the cheapest among
all the computer generations.
 Many high-level languages were developed in the fourth
generation such as COBOL, FORTRAN, BASIC, PASCAL and C
language.
 The fourth generation computers emerged with
development of the VLSI (Very Large Scale Integration).
 Some Examples of Fourth generation computers are
IBM 4341, DEC 10, STAR 1000, PUP 11, and APPLE II.
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16. A Microprocessor
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17. 5th Generation
 The Fifth Generation Computers have not still been
developed as it is in its developmental stage.
 Artificial intelligence (AI, also machine intelligence, MI) is
apparently intelligent behaviour by machines, rather than
the natural intelligence (NI) of humans and other animals.
 The goal of the fifth generation is to develop the device
which could respond to natural language input and are
capable of learning and self-organization.
 Quantum computation and molecular and nanotechnology
will be used in this technology.
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18. 5th Generation (Continue)
 It is said that the fifth generation computers will use
super large scale integrated chips.
 They will be able to recognize images and graphs.
 They will be able to use more than one CPU for faster
speeding process.
 Artificial Intelligence are intended to work with a natural
language.
 So we can say that artificial intelligence will have the power
of human intelligence.Topics Home

19. An Artificial Intelligence
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20. Website Name and URL
• Linkedln Slideshare:-
https://www.slideshare.net/sowj8o8/generation-of-
computers-25845330
• Wikipedia:-
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer
• FIRST GENERATION COMPUTERS / Technology:-
http://latesttechnomanias.blogspot.com/2010/06/first-
generation-computer.html
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