The document discusses the five generations of computers from the 1940s to present. First generation computers used vacuum tubes and magnetic drums, were room-sized, and relied on machine language. Transistors replaced vacuum tubes in the second generation, which saw the development of high-level programming languages. Integrated circuits miniaturized components onto silicon chips in the third generation, allowing multiple applications. The fourth generation introduced microprocessors that located all components onto a single chip. Fifth generation computers are based on artificial intelligence and parallel processing.
Computer has become a part of our life. Today along with calculations, their work area is very wide-supermarket scanners scan and calculate our grocery bill and also keep store inventory, automatic teller machines(ATM) helps us in banking transaction how the technology has developed and what its future course is To understand this first we should know about the different generations of computers.
The First electronic computer was designed and built at the university of pennsylvania based on vaccum tube technology. Vaccum tubes were used to perform logic operations and to store data. Generations of computers has been divided into five according to the development of technologies used to fabricate the processors, memories and I/O units.
The History of computer development is often referred to in reference to the different generations of computing devices. Each generation of computer is characterized by a major technological development that fundamentally changed the way computers operates, resulting in increasingly smaller, cheaper, more powerful and more efficient and reliable devices.
Computer has become a part of our life. Today along with calculations, their work area is very wide-supermarket scanners scan and calculate our grocery bill and also keep store inventory, automatic teller machines(ATM) helps us in banking transaction how the technology has developed and what its future course is To understand this first we should know about the different generations of computers.
The First electronic computer was designed and built at the university of pennsylvania based on vaccum tube technology. Vaccum tubes were used to perform logic operations and to store data. Generations of computers has been divided into five according to the development of technologies used to fabricate the processors, memories and I/O units.
The History of computer development is often referred to in reference to the different generations of computing devices. Each generation of computer is characterized by a major technological development that fundamentally changed the way computers operates, resulting in increasingly smaller, cheaper, more powerful and more efficient and reliable devices.
This PPT is about the Various generations of Computers. This introduces and discussed about five generations of Computers, thier components, advantages and disadvantages. The PPT consists of Images which could lead to clear understanding by the end user. The numerical data is also available like the starting and Ending year of a particular generation. It also discusses the major components used, the technologies used etc..
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2. Generations of Computer
The computer has evolved from a large-sized simple
calculating machine to a smaller but much more
powerful machine.
The evolution of computer to the current state is
The evolution of computer to the current state is
defined in terms of the generations of computer.
Each generation of computer is designed based on a
new technological development, resulting in better,
cheaper and smaller computers that are more
powerful, faster and efficient than their predecessors.
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3. Generations of Computer
Currently, there are five generations of computer. In
the following subsections, we will discuss the
generations of computer in terms of the technology
used by them (hardware and software), computing
characteristics (speed, i.e., number of instructions
characteristics (speed, i.e., number of instructions
executed per second), physical appearance, and their
applications.
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4. First Generation Computers
(1940-1956)
The first computers used vacuum tubes(a sealed glass tube containing
a near-vacuum which allows the free passage of electric current.) for
circuitry and magnetic drums for memory.
They were often enormous and taking up entire room.
First generation computers relied on machine language.
First generation computers relied on machine language.
They were very expensive to operate and in addition to using a great
deal of electricity, generated a lot of heat, which was often the cause of
malfunctions(defect or breakdown).
The UNIVAC and ENIAC computers are examples of first-generation
computing devices.
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5. First Generation Computers
Advantages :
It was only electronic device
First device to hold memory
Disadvantages :
Too bulky i.e large in size
Vacuum tubes burn frequently
They were producing heat
Maintenance problems 5
6. Second Generation Computers
(1956-1963)
• Transistors replaced vacuum tubes and ushered in the
second generation of computers.
• Second-generation computers moved from
cryptic binary machine language to symbolic.
cryptic binary machine language to symbolic.
• High-level programming languages were also being
developed at this time, such as early versions
of COBOL and FORTRAN.
• These were also the first computers that stored their
instructions in their memory.
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7. Second Generation Computers
Advantages :
Size reduced considerably
The very fast
Very much reliable
Very much reliable
Disadvantages :
They over heated quickly
Maintenance problems
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8. Third Generation Computers
(1964-1971)
The development of the integrated circuit was the
hallmark of the third generation of computers.
Transistors were miniaturized and placed
on siliconchips, called semiconductors.
on siliconchips, called semiconductors.
Instead of punched cards and printouts, users
interacted with third generation computers
through keyboards and monitors and interfaced with
an operating system.
Allowed the device to run many
different applications at one time.
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9. Third generation computers
Advantages :
ICs are very small in size
Improved performance
Production cost cheap
Disadvantages :
ICs are sophisticated
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10. Fourth Generation Computers
(1971-present)
The microprocessor brought the fourth generation of
computers, as thousands of integrated circuits were
built onto a single silicon chip.
The Intel 4004 chip, developed in 1971, located all the
The Intel 4004 chip, developed in 1971, located all the
components of the computer.
From the central processing unit and memory to
input/output controls—on a single chip.
. Fourth generation computers also saw the
development of GUIs, the mouse and
handheld devices.
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12. Fifth Generation Computers
(present and beyond)
Fifth generation computing devices, based on artificial
intelligence.
Are still in development, though there are some
applications, such as voice recognition.
applications, such as voice recognition.
The use of parallel processing and superconductors is
helping to make artificial intelligence a reality.
The goal of fifth-generation computing is to develop
devices that respond to natural language input and are
capable of learning and self-organization.
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