FPGA stands for field programmable gate array. It consists of configurable logic blocks, programmable interconnects, and I/O blocks. The configurable logic blocks contain look up tables, flip flops, and multiplexers that can be programmed to implement different logic functions. The programmable interconnects allow connections between logic blocks using switch matrices. I/O blocks interface signals with the external world. FPGAs can be programmed by defining behavior in HDL, generating a netlist, performing validation, and configuring the FPGA with a binary file via JTAG. They are used in applications like DSPs, medical imaging, and ASIC prototyping. Advantages include shorter time to market and re