This document summarizes key concepts about groups and group behavior from Chapter 8, including defining different types of groups, the stages of group development, factors that influence group behavior and performance, and techniques for group decision making. It covers topics such as formal vs informal groups, external conditions and resources that impact groups, norms and roles within groups, and how group processes, size, composition and cohesion can affect productivity.

1. Chapter 8 1
Foundations of Group
Behavior

2. Chapter 8 2
Defining and
Classifying Groups
FormalFormal
Command GroupsCommand Groups
Task GroupsTask Groups
Interest GroupsInterest Groups
Friendship GroupsFriendship Groups
InformalInformal

3. Chapter 8 3
Stages of Group DevelopmentStages of Group Development
Prestage I Stage I
Forming
Stage II
Storming
Stage III
Norming
Stage IV
Performing
Stage V
Adjourning

4. Chapter 8 4
Group Behavior ModelGroup Behavior Model
ExternalExternal
ConditionsConditions
PerformancePerformance
andand
SatisfactionSatisfaction
GroupGroup
TaskTask
GroupGroup
StructureStructure
GroupGroup
MemberMember
ResourcesResources
GroupGroup
ProcessesProcesses

5. Chapter 8 5
External ConditionsExternal Conditions
Imposed on the GroupImposed on the Group
• Overall strategy
• Authority structures
• Formal regulations
• Resources
• Employee selection
• Evaluation-rewards
• Culture
• Work setting

6. Chapter 8 6
The ResourcesThe Resources
of Group Membersof Group Members
Knowledge,Knowledge,
Skills, andSkills, and
AbilitiesAbilities
PersonalityPersonality
CharacteristicsCharacteristics

7. Chapter 8 7
IdentityIdentityIdentityIdentity
Group
Roles
ExpectationsExpectationsExpectationsExpectations
ConflictConflictConflictConflict PerceptionPerceptionPerceptionPerception

8. Chapter 8 8
PerformancePerformancePerformancePerformance
Group
Norms
AppearanceAppearanceAppearanceAppearance
ResourcesResourcesResourcesResources ArrangementArrangementArrangementArrangement

9. Chapter 8 9
Conformity to Group NormsConformity to Group Norms
X A B C
Studies by Solomon Asch

10. Chapter 8 10
Status in the GroupStatus in the Group
CultureCulture
EquityEquityNormsNorms

11. Chapter 8 11
Size of the GroupSize of the Group
• Small groups
• Large groups
• Social loafing
• Individual effort

12. Chapter 8 12
The CompositionThe Composition
of the Groupof the Group
The CompositionThe Composition
of the Groupof the Group
DiversityDiversityDiversityDiversity CohortsCohortsCohortsCohortsDemographyDemographyDemographyDemography

13. Chapter 8 13
High
Productivity
Moderate
Productivity
Moderate to Low
Productivity
Low
Productivity
Cohesiveness
PerformanceNorms
High Low
Cohesiveness-Productivity RelationshipCohesiveness-Productivity Relationship
High
Low

14. Chapter 8 14
Effects of Group ProcessesEffects of Group Processes
Potential
Group
Effectiveness
Potential
Group
Effectiveness
Potential
Group
Effectiveness
Potential
Group
Effectiveness
Process Losses
Social Loafing
Process Losses
Social Loafing
Process Gains
Synergy
Process Gains
Synergy

15. Chapter 8 15
Group Decision MakingGroup Decision Making
AdvantagesAdvantages
 More Diversity of Views
 Increased information
 Higher-quality decisions
 Improved Commitment
DisadvantagesDisadvantages
 Dominant Individuals
 Unclear Responsibility
 Time and money costs
 Conformity pressures

16. Chapter 8 16
Group Effectiveness
and Efficiency
Accuracy Creativity
AcceptanceSpeed

17. Chapter 8 17
Group Decision
Making
Group Decision
Making
GroupthinkGroupthink GroupshiftGroupshift

18. Chapter 8 18
ElectronicNominal
BrainstormingInteracting
Techniques for GroupTechniques for Group
Decision MakingDecision Making