The document discusses fly ash stabilization. Fly ash is a byproduct of coal burning that can be used to stabilize soils and improve concrete performance. It reacts with lime to form cementitious compounds. The largest fly ash producing factory is in China. Fly ash provides benefits like reduced water content, improved strength, and decreased permeability in concrete. Typical applications of fly ash include precast concrete, road pavements, and flowable fill.

1. .
• Good morning….

2. Topic-
Fly ash stabilization

3. contents
Introduction
Uses of fly ash stabilization
Factories producing fly ash
Benefits of fly ash
Applications

4. Introduction
• Fly ash is a fine grey powder consisting mostly of
spherical glassy particles that are produced as a by-product
in coal fired power stations. Fly ash has
pozzolonic properties, meaning that it reacts with
lime to form cementitious compounds. It is commonly
known as a supplementary cementitious material.
Fly ash significantly improves concrete performance in
different ways and also provides many benefits in
cement and non-cement applications. Shown below
are some micrographs of fly ash particles, taken using
a Scanning Electron Microscope.

5. figure

6. Use of fly ash stabilization
• It is the process by which we can change the
properties or design purpose .
• Stabilization is done by many method , some
of main methods are here …..
1. cement stabilization
2. fly ash stabilization
3. lime stabilization

7. HOW ANY FACTORY PRODUCE FLY ASH
ZENITH MINING & CONSTRUCTION IS THE LARGEST
.
FACTORY IN CHINA WHICH PRODUCE FLY ASH IN
LARGE AMOUNT

8. HOW FACTORIES WORK
STRUCTURE OF INSTUMENTS HOW IT WORK

9. Benefits of fly ash
The use of fly ash in concrete can lead
to many improvements in overall
concrete performance. Some key
benefits include:
• Reduced Water Content
• Improved Workability
• Reduced Segregation
• Improved Pumpability
• Improved Finishing
• Low Heat of Hydration
• Lower Drying Shrinkage
• Improved Long Term Strength
• Decreased Permeability
• Increased Durability
• Improved resistance to Alkali Silica
Reactivity
• Improved resistance to Sulfate
Attack
• Low Chloride Ingress
• Good Carbonation Protection
• Reduced Efflorescence

10. Typical application of fly ash
Fly Ash is suitable for a wide
variety of applications and
uses. These include, but are
not limited to:
• Premixed Concrete
• Precast Concrete
• Concrete Road Pavements
• Stabilized Road Base
• Roller Constructed
Concrete Dams
• Roller Constructed
Concrete Pavements
• Shotcrete
• Concrete Masonry
• Flow able Fill
• Mine and Land Fill
• Geopolymer Concrete

11. Topic---
Grid floor

12. contents
• Definition
• Types of grid floor
• Uses

13. Definition:
“Grid floor” consist of closely spaced intersecting in 2
direction with monolithic slab on the top. It may be
looked as a thick slab with concrete removed from
tesion zone and to some extent even from
compression zone. Types of flooring is known sa
ribbed slab/ voided slab /waffle slab.

14. Types of grid floor
There are following types of grid
floor ther are as follows:
A.Rectangle orthogrid
B.Square ortho grid
C. Dia grid

15. Types of grid
Ortho grid:- if the beam intersect at right angle to
each other then it is called ortho grid. It may be
consist of rectangle grid or square grid.
A: rectangle grid-------------
B : square grid ---------------
C: dia. Grid--------------------

16. Use of grid floor
The grid floors are build whenever a
large column free flat roof is required.
They are economical up to size 10-25 M
spans.
They are commonly used at entrances of
collage building,office building.
For architectural purpose.

17. Topic----
North light shell roof

18. contents
• Definition
• Selection of shell parameter
• Advantages of NSR

19. Definition
• North light shell roof are an industrial roof
design to maximize the amount of day light
reaching inside the factory.
• This type of roof consist of series of parallel
monopitch roof with glazing in the vertical
edges below the ridges with usually faces
north.
• This type of roof also known as “ curved
roofs”.

20. Selection of shell parameter
• This span of north light shell is about 100ft
without pre stressed and with prestresing
span up to 150ft are possible.
• Column are placed at right angles to the span.
• Shells may be design longitudnally continuous
over two or more span.
• Radius of these shells varies between 20ft to
40ft.
• It consist of 2 beams.

21. Advantages of north light shell roof
• North light shell roof provide ample and
uniform day lighting.
• North light shell reduce the stress due to its
arch shaped structure.
• These roofs have higher average luminance
and provide better visibility
• Require less frame work.
• Cheap construction and provide pleasant and
good appearance.

22. These are some example of nsr

23. Thank you
presented by
Vikrant sharma
Nitika
Vinod (co.)