1. Formwork refers to the temporary structure used to support wet concrete until it is cured and can support itself. Common materials used include wood, steel, aluminum, plastic and plywood. 2. A good formwork must be water tight, strong, and reusable while also considering factors like quality, safety, and economy. It must be able to withstand loads, retain its shape, and be removed without damaging the concrete. 3. Different types of formworks are used for columns, beams, slabs, and other structural elements. Column formwork typically consists of side and end planks joined by yokes and bolts. Beam formworks use thick timber or plywood and are supported by props.

1. CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY
Presented by :
Felix Vong Zhi Wei 0318462
Aaron Ngu Nguok Soon
Lim Chu Ning
Chen Shin Yee 0322650

2. FORMWORK?
• Support structure and moulds to create structures out of concrete.
• Made by using steel, wood, aluminium and prefabricated forms.
• Cost of formwork is about 30%-40% of the concrete cost.
Do you know…
Reusable forms known as panel
forms
&
Non-reusable forms known as
stationery forms

3. FORMWORK?
• A good formwork
- Water tight
- Strong
- Reusable
• Major considered in formwork
- Quality; sufficient and accuracy of the size, shape and position.
- Safety; sufficient strength and factor of safety.
- Economy; built efficiently, minimizing time and cost.

4. A good formwork should satisfy the following requirements :
1. It should be strong enough to withstand all types of dead and live loads.
2. It should be rigidly constructed and efficiently propped and braced both horizontally and
vertically, so as to retain its shape.
3. The joints in the formwork should be tight against leakage of cement grout.
4. Construction of formwork should permit removal of various parts in desired sequences without
damage to the concrete.
5. The material of the formwork should be cheap, easily available and should be suitable for
reuse.
6. The formwork should be set accurately to the desired line and levels should have plane
surface.
7. It should be as light as possible.
8. The material of the formwork should not warp or get distorted when exposed to the elements.
9. It should rest on firm base.

5. FORMWORK FOR COLUMN
• It consists of the
following
- Side & End Planks
- Yoke
- Nut & Bolts
• Two end & two side
planks are joined bt
the yokes and bolts.

6. COLUMN FORMWORK
• Function :
1. Enable the construction of columns have the specified surface
quality.
2. Acceptably accurate in shape and position with good alignment to
other adjacent columns, walls and building facades.
• Constructed with the columns reinforcement must extending well
above the form
So it can lap with the reinforcement of the next column or floor.

7. COLUMN FORMWORK CONSTRUCTION
• Most column forming methods use plywood to form faces.
• The corner junctions of the plywood must be detailed to achieve the
maximum tightening action from the column clamps.
• Timber angle fillets are used to form the arise.

8. CIRCULAR COLUMN FORMWORK
-Fabricated steel,
usually two pieces,
with bolted joints.
-Timber sheathing
tied with standard
column clamps,
corner need to have
wedges to to support.
 For larger columns
-Cardboard tube, one-
off formwork,
available in a range of
diameters. Cut to
waste after concrete is
poured.

9. COLUMN FORMWORK CONSTRUCTION STAGES
• Column formwork bracing
• Column formwork bracing performs TWO function :
1. Maintain the accuracy of the column form position and plumb.
2. With stand results of forces acting on either the column formwork
or the bracing.

10. BEAM FORMWORK
• Beam formwork must be
thickened timber or strengthened
plywood
• Deep beams should have waters
and ties.
• Props or falsework must be
placed under the headtree or
bearers, and must spaced to suit
the weight of concrete.

11. Erection sequence for constructing beam formwork
1. Position of sole plates.
2. Marking out and setting heights for falseworks.
3. Assemble and position props, adjustable head jacks, falseworks,
bearers and spreaders.
4. Construct and erect side walls and beam formwork.

12. STEEL FORMWORK
• This consists of panels fabricated out of the thin steel plates stiffened
along the edges by small steel angles.
• The panel units can be held together through the use of suitable
clamps or bolts and nuts.
• The panels can be fabricated in large number in any desired modular
shape or size.
• Steel forms are largely used in large projects or in situation where
large number reuses of the shuttering is possible.
• This type of shuttering is considered most suitable for circular or
curved structures.

13. STEEL FORMWORK
Steel formwork is made of
- Steel sheets - Tee iron
- Angle iron

14. • For heavy concrete work
• With reasonable care will last indefinitely
• High initial cost and high handling cost

15. Advantages of steel formwork
• It can be used for a no. of times.
• It is non absorbent.
• Smooth finish surface obtained.
• No shrinkage of formwork
occurs.
• Easy to use.
• Its volume is less.
• Its strength is more.
Disadvantages of steel formwork
• Limited size or shape.
• Excessive loss of heat.
• A very smooth surface will be
produced which would give
problems for finishing process.
• Limited fixing.

16. ALUMINIUM FORMWORK
• Manufactured using light weight aluminium.
• Made up of aluminium metal frame that provides very sturdy and
durable mold for pouring concrete.

17. ADVANTAGES OF ALUMINIUM FORMWORK
• Quickly and accurately assembled.
• Reduces the labour cost owing to its easy installation.
• Light weight component provides low pressure on the lower part of the buildings.
• Aluminium metal surface offers easy cleaning after concrete is removed.
• Faster construction cycles.
• Easy to handle.
• High quality finishes.
• Can be easily recycled.
• Can be repeatedly used without losing quality
• Safe work platforms.
• High salvage cost.
• Fewer burdens on environment.

18. DISADVANTAGES OF ALUMINIUM FORMWORK
• Initial high investment.
• Compares very poorly on modifications, against brick work
constructions.
• Fear of theft of valuable Aluminium Extrusions & sheets & hence kit
not being complete at critical stages of construction.
• Mass Housing projects are not as high for investing in large number of
Aluminium Formwork.

19. TIMBER FORMWORK
Material used :
• Most common material used for
bracing the member, hence called
as the traditional formwork.
• Can easily be cut to size on site.
Joist are replaced with
engineered wood beams and
supports are replaced with metal
props. This makes this method
more systematic and reusable.

20. ADVANTAGES OF TIMBER FORMWORK
• Easy handling because it is light weight.
• Easy to disassemble.
• Damaged parts can be replaced with new one.
• Very flexible.
• Easy to produce.
• Easily available.

21. DISADVANTAGES OF TIMBER FORMWORK
• Limited size of shape.
• Excessive loss of heat.
• A very smooth surface will be produced which would give problems
for finishing process.
• Limited fixing.

22. SLAB FOUNDATIONS
• A slab foundation is an extension of a slab floor.
• Cast when the floor is placed.
• Sometimes called thickened edge slab.
• Should extend below the frost line.
• Reinforcement is recommended.
• Advantages : - required less time
- labor
- expense to construct

23. PLYWOOD FORMWORK
• Most common material used for the facing panel.
• Easily cut to shape on site.
• Reusable.
• Thinner plywood is used to facilitate bending.
• Thicker plywood is used when the weight of concrete caused a
standard thickness plywood to blow out, it might distorting the
concrete face.

24. PLYWOOD FORM ( IN COMBINATION WITH
TIMBER )
• Concrete shuttering plywood is bwp grade plywood, preservative
treated and specially suited for use in concrete shuttering and
formwork.
• The plywood is built up of odd number of layers with grain of
adjacent layers perpendicular to each other.
• Plywood is used extensively for formwork for concrete, especially fpr
sheathing, decking and form linings.
• There are two types of plywood – internal and exterior.
• The interior type is bonded with water resistant glue and exterior
type is bonded with water proof glue.

25. PLASTIC FORMWORK
• These forms have become
increasingly popular for casting
unique shapes and patterns being
designed in concrete because of
the excellent finish obtained
requiring minimum or no surface
treatment and repairs.
• Different types of plastic forms are
available like glass reinforced
plastic, fiber reinforced plastic and
thermoplastics etc.

26. Fiberglass-reinforced plastic is the most
common and has several advantages such as
• The material allows greater freedom of design.
• Unusual textures and designs can be molded into the form.
• It allows the contractor to pour structural and finished concrete
• Simultaneously – because sections can be joined on the job site in
such a way so as to eliminate joints, there is no size limitation. If
carefully handed, a number of reuses are possible making it highly.
• Economical – it is lightweight and easily stripped.

27. ~THE END~