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This is about types of shear failure in soil, describe all the three types of the bearing capacity failure of soil.
This is prepared by (Abdullah Kawkas Galaly) a student in civil engineering department at Salahaddin University in Erbil-Kurdistan region.
This is about types of shear failure in soil, describe all the three types of the bearing capacity failure of soil.
This is prepared by (Abdullah Kawkas Galaly) a student in civil engineering department at Salahaddin University in Erbil-Kurdistan region.
Shamsudin masoud PPT (Principle of Soil and Soil Compaction.pptShamsudinMasoud
Soil compaction is one of the most critical components in the construction or roads, air-fields, embankments and foundations.
The durability and stability of a structure are related to the achievement of proper soil compaction.
Soil compaction is the process where by the practical of a soil are mechanically constrained to pack more closely Together or Soil compaction is the process of mechanical densifying a soil.
Shamsudin masoud PPT (Principle of Soil and Soil Compaction.pptShamsudinMasoud
Soil compaction is one of the most critical components in the construction or roads, air-fields, embankments and foundations.
The durability and stability of a structure are related to the achievement of proper soil compaction.
Soil compaction is the process where by the practical of a soil are mechanically constrained to pack more closely Together or Soil compaction is the process of mechanical densifying a soil.
Fundamentals of Soil Mechanics and ConcreteDenis Koval
Training Fundamentals on Soil Mechanics & Concrete by GLobal Construction
including:
- Soil Types
- Types of Soil Compaction
- Compact Soils
- Soil Gradation
- Soil Moisture Content
- Atterberg Limits Test
- Laboratory & Field Compaction Tests
- Types of Compaction Equipment
Certain Soils don’t permit the construction of specific structures on it. The alternative is to improve the strength of the soil by various methods like:
Mechanical modification
Chemical Modification
Lime stabilization
Geo textile etc.,
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Strength of concrete (for civil engineering) laxman singh
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Manufacturing process of concrete (for civil engineering) laxman singh
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Permeability of soil ( for civil engineering)laxman singh
date -21-01-2018
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date 14-1-18
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date -07-01-2018
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software - power point presentation 2015
date - 06-01-2018
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Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
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Courier management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
It is now-a-days very important for the people to send or receive articles like imported furniture, electronic items, gifts, business goods and the like. People depend vastly on different transport systems which mostly use the manual way of receiving and delivering the articles. There is no way to track the articles till they are received and there is no way to let the customer know what happened in transit, once he booked some articles. In such a situation, we need a system which completely computerizes the cargo activities including time to time tracking of the articles sent. This need is fulfilled by Courier Management System software which is online software for the cargo management people that enables them to receive the goods from a source and send them to a required destination and track their status from time to time.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Vaccine management system project report documentation..pdfKamal Acharya
The Division of Vaccine and Immunization is facing increasing difficulty monitoring vaccines and other commodities distribution once they have been distributed from the national stores. With the introduction of new vaccines, more challenges have been anticipated with this additions posing serious threat to the already over strained vaccine supply chain system in Kenya.
Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
For more technical information, visit our website https://intellaparts.com
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
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The Single Aisle is the most advanced family aircraft in service today, with fly-by-wire flight controls.
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Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
1. COMPACTION OF SOIL
Content –
1. Compaction and related terms
2. Standard proctor test
3. Factors affecting compaction
4. Methods of compaction
2. COMPACTION
Definition – it is an instantaneous process in partially saturated/dry soil
by which density in increased by compactive efforts.
compaction means to press the soil particles to each other by mechanical
method. During compaction air is forced out from voids and hence density
is increased.
Objective of compaction is to increase the density, bearing capacity, shear
strength.
3. Optimum water content (optimum moisture content)-
▪ It is the water content at which maximum dry unit weight can be
achieved after a given compaction effort.
▪ A maximum dry unit weight have no voids in it.
4. ZERO AIR VOID LINE OR 100%
SATURATION LINE
▪ It is graphic representation of degree of saturation.
▪ It is plot above the curve, which is formed between dry density and
water content.
▪ It’s all point represent 100% saturation at any water content.
6. AMOUNT OF
COMPACTION/COMPACTIVE EFFORT
▪ The effect of increasing the amount of compactive effort is to increase
the maximum dry density and decrease the optimum water content.
Compactive effort – 1> 2> 3 > 4
Max Dry density- 1> 2> 3 > 4
OMC- 1< 2 < 3 < 4
7. TYPE OF SOIL
▪ Type of soil has a great influence on its compaction characteristics.
Normally, heavy clays, clays & silts offer higher resistance to compaction
where as sandy soils and coarse grained or gravelly soils can be easily
compacted.
▪ The coarse grained soils yield higher densities in comparison to clays.
▪ A well graded soil can be compacted to higher density.
8. WATER CONTENT
▪ The dry density of soil increases with an increase in water content till
the optimum water content is reached, with further increase in water
content, the air voids do not decreases, but total voids increases, and
dry density decreases.
9. METHOD OF COMPACTION
▪ The dry density achieved not only depend on compactive effort but also
method of compaction.
▪ For the same amount of compactive effort, dry density will depend
upon whether the method of compaction utilizes kneading action,
dynamic action or static action.
10. ADMIXTURE
▪ The compaction characteristic of soil are improved by adding other
materials known as admixture. The most commonly used admixtures,
are lime, cement, bitumen.
▪ Dry density achieved depends upon type and amount of admixture.
lime cement bitumen
11. STANDARD PROCTOR TEST
▪ It is done to find the optimum water content and max dry density of
a soil in laboratory.
▪ A standard proctor 10 cm internal diameter, height of 12.7cm and
1000ml capacity. The rammer consists of 2.56 kg mass.
12. Procedure –
1. Take soil sample of 3kg, add water to bring the water content to 4%.
2. Mass of empty mould with base plate(without collar) is M₁.
3. Mix the soil thoroughly and compacted by 25 blows of rammer, with
free fall of 310mm. The blow are distributed evenly over the surface.
The soil is compacted in three layers.
4. The weight after compacting to 3 layer is taken as M₂.
13. 4. The weight after compacting to 3 layer is taken as M₂.
𝑀 = M₂-M₁
V = volume of mould =1000ml
density =𝑀/𝑉
max dry density = density/(1+w)
the test is repeated 3 times and the graph is obtained with max dry
density and optimum water content.
15. TAMPER
▪ It is hand-operated instrument consist of a block of iron/stone , about 3-
5kg attached to wooden rod.
▪ It is used to compact in confined area like trenches, behind bridge
abutment, etc.
16. ROLLER
These are of three type –
1. Smooth wheel roller – The most suitable soils for these roller type are
well graded sand, gravel, crushed rock, asphalt etc. where crushing is
required. These are used on soils which does not require great
pressure for compaction.
2. These rollers are generally used for finishing the upper surface of the
soil. These roller are not used for compaction of uniform sands.
3. The smooth wheeled rollers consists of one large steel drum in front
and two steel drums on the rear.
17. Pneumatic-tyred roller-
▪ Pneumatic-tyred roller have kneading action and can convert flocculated
structure into dispersed structure.
▪ These rollers are used for compaction of coarse grained soils with some
fines. These rollers are least suitable for uniform coarse soils and rocks.
18. SHEEP FOOT ROLLER
▪ It consists of a hollow drum with a large number of small projection (known
as feet) on its surface.
▪ These projection penetrates in soil layer during rolling operation and causes
compaction.
▪ Suitable for cohesive soil only.
19. VIBRATORY COMPACTOR
▪ In the vibratory compactor, vibrations are induced in the soil during
compaction.
▪ These are suitable for cohesion less soil, especially confined condition.
▪ When it mounted on drum, it is called a vibratory roller. These roller are
available both pneumatic tyred and smooth wheel type.
20. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN COMPACTION
AND CONSOLIDATION
Compaction Consolidation
1) It is a instant process 1) It is a slow process
2)It is an artificial process 2)It is a natural process
3)Dynamic loading are applied 3)Static load are applied
4)In compaction, soil changes from partially to fully
saturation condition
4)In consolidation, soil remains in fully saturation
condition
5) Compaction is due to expulsion and compression
of air in soil mass
5) Consolidation is due to expulsion of pore water
from voids