Fluorescence occurs when a molecule absorbs high-energy electromagnetic radiation, usually UV light, and re-emits it as lower-energy, visible light. The energy difference between the absorbed and emitted photons is released as heat. Fluorescence is found in many materials in nature like certain gems and minerals, and it is used in fluorescent lighting, fluorescence spectroscopy, microscopy, and biomedical applications.

2. What is Fluorescence?
• Fluorescence is a type of luminescence, occurs in gas, liquid or solid
chemical systems.
• Fluorescence’s energy is supplied by the electromagnetic radiation,
usually the ultraviolet light.
• Fluorescence is an optical phenomenon in which a molecule absorbs a
high-energy photon, and re-emits it as a lower-energy (longer-wavelength)
photon, the energy difference between the absorbed and emitted
photons ending up as molecular vibrations (heat). Usually the absorbed
photon is in the ultraviolet, and the emitted light (luminescence) is in the
visible range.

3. Physics Equations
• S0+hvex=S1
• S0 is the ground state of the fluorophore and S1 is its first electronically
excited state. hv is energy where the h is Planc’s constant which is a
physical constant that is the quantum of action in quantum mechanics and
v is the frequency of lights. So hvex is the energy of absorbed light. Which
would resulted;
• S1 = S0 + hvem + heat/ vibration
*hvem is the emision light

4. Fluorescent Light
• The light glass contains a small bit of mercury and inert
gas (argon).
• Phosphor powder coated all along the inner glass
surface.
• So first, after we turned on the light, electrode produce
electrons.
• These electrons will be transferred to the other
electrode by the inert gas.
• This energy will change mercury into a gas.
• Some of the electrons around the tubes will be collide
with the mercury gas and create a high energy level.
• When the electrons fall back to its original level, the
atom would create an extra energy in form of UV
photon.

5. Fluorescence in Nature
• Fluorescence is not only found in light bulb but also
in nature. For example, there are types of calcites
that could fluoresce under short-wave UV light such
as Ruby, Emerald and Hope Diamond. Diamond
would fluoresce in under X-Ray.

6. Another Uses of Fluorescence
• Fluorescence Spectroscopy
• Biochemistry and Medicine
• Microscopy

7. Work Citation
• Harris, Tom (May 5,2014). Fluorescence, How Fluorescent Lamp Works.
http://home.howstuffworks.com/fluorescent-lamp2.htm
• http://encyclopedia.kids.net.au/page/fl/Fluorescence