This presentation covers very basics of assembly language with some computer organization concept. I took this session as part of on going series on assembly at NULL Hyderabad meets. PART II will cover instruction sets and more in detail.
This presentation covers very basics of assembly language with some computer organization concept. I took this session as part of on going series on assembly at NULL Hyderabad meets. PART II will cover instruction sets and more in detail.
Defined instruction set architecture, discussed different types of instructions in the MIPS architecture, e.g., arithmetic, logical, shift etc. Discussed different types of registers in MIPS, R-format, I-format and j-format instructions have been explained with examples. Further assembly language code for conditional operations e.g., if..else, swap operation, loop operation are demonstrated.
This presentation is about the knowledge of computer memory which is critically study of Registers and flags in computer organization and computer architecture.
Topics Covered:
Linker: Types of Linker:
Loaders : Types of loader
Example of Translator, Link and Load Time Address
Object Module
Difference between Static and Dynamic Binding
Translator, Link and Load Time Address
Program Relocatability
Defined instruction set architecture, discussed different types of instructions in the MIPS architecture, e.g., arithmetic, logical, shift etc. Discussed different types of registers in MIPS, R-format, I-format and j-format instructions have been explained with examples. Further assembly language code for conditional operations e.g., if..else, swap operation, loop operation are demonstrated.
This presentation is about the knowledge of computer memory which is critically study of Registers and flags in computer organization and computer architecture.
Topics Covered:
Linker: Types of Linker:
Loaders : Types of loader
Example of Translator, Link and Load Time Address
Object Module
Difference between Static and Dynamic Binding
Translator, Link and Load Time Address
Program Relocatability
Big Data/DIG: Domain-Specific Insight Graphs by Pedro Szekely of ISI/USCETCenter
Domain-specific Insight Graph (DIG) is a technology that harvests and harmonizes millions of Web pages to extract key elements of knowledge (e.g., entities and relations). It integrates corporate databases with the extracted data across sources and modalities encoding implicit and purposefully obfuscated relationships. It offers a faceted content search interface and visualizations to support analysis.
instruction set of 8086 microprocessor has following categories:
-Data transfer instructions
-Arithmetic instructions
-Logical instructions
-Flag manipulation instructions
-shift and rotate instructions
-String instructions
-8086 assembler directives
Hadoop Analytics + Enterprise Class Storage: One-Stop Solution From EMC for H...EMC
Using Greenplum HD, Isilon Scale-Out NAS and EMC services, learn how you can quickly and easily deploy a powerful, yet worry-free Hadoop-based analytics engine. If you ever desired to take the plunge with Hadoop or wanted the confidence to grow your Hadoop deployment for full-scale production, learn how EMC can provide you the tested solution to do so.
Machine Language Instruction Formats – Instruction Set of 8086-Data transfer
instructions,Arithmetic and Logic instructions,Branch instructions,Loop instructions,Processor
Control instructions,Flag Manipulation instructions,Shift and Rotate instructions,String
instructions, Assembler Directives and operators,Example Programs,Introduction to Stack,
STACK Structure of 8086, Interrupts and Interrupt Service Routines, Interrupt Cycle of 8086,
Non-Maskable and Maskable Interrupts, Interrupt Programming, MACROS.
A 16-bit microprocessor I designed during my final semester (2005) of my Bachelor of Technology program. The microprocessor circuitry design was coded in VHDL and then configured in a Xilinx XC9572 PC84 CPLD kit. Most of the design, the architecture and the instruction set were taken from Computer System Architecture (3rd ed.) by M. Morris Mano. See https://github.com/susam/mano-cpu for VHDL source code and other related files.
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
2. What is Instruction Set
Instruction:- An instruction is a binary pattern
designed inside a microprocessor to perform a
specific function.
The complete collection of instructions that
are understood by a CPU are known as
instruction sets.
3. Instruction set basics
Opcode:- It stands for operational code. It
specifies the type of operation to be performed
by CPU. It is the first field in the machine
language instruction format.
E.g. 08 is the opcode for instruction “MOV X,Y”.
Operand:- We can also say it as data on which
operation should act. operands may be register
values or memory values. The CPU executes the
instructions using information present in this
field. It may be 8-bit data or 16-bit data.
4. Instruction set basics
Assembler:- it converts the instruction into
sequence of binary bits, so that this bits can be
read by the processor.
Mnemonics:- these are the symbolic codes for
either instructions or commands to perform a
particular function.
E.g. MOV, ADD, SUB etc.
6. Instruction Formats
In 8086 microprocessor there are following six types
of instruction formats.
(1). 1-Byte instruction,
(2). Register to register,
(3). Register to/from memory with no displacement,
(4). Register to/from memory with displacement,
(5). Immediate operand to register,
(6). Immediate operand to memory with 16-Bit
displacement.
7. 1-Byte instruction
The instruction is 1-byte long in size.
It May contain implied data or register operands
(data).
The least significant three bits of opcode are
used for specifying register operand. Otherwise
all the 8-bits creates an opcode.
8. (2). Register to Register
The instruction is 2-byte long in size.
First byte of code denotes opcode & width of
operand.
Second byte denotes register operands & R/M
field.
OPCODE D W 11 REG R/M
D7 D0D1 D7 D5 D2 D0D6 D3
9. (2). Register to Register
‘REG’ field denotes type of register used.
‘R/M’ field denotes register or memory location
used.
If ‘W’ field is ‘0’ then operand is of 8-bits, & If
‘W’ field is ‘1’ then operand is of 16-bits.
10. (3). Register to/from memory with no
Displacement
The instruction is 2-byte long in size.
First byte of code denotes opcode & width of
operand.
Second byte denotes mod,register operands &
R/M field.
11. (3). Register to/from memory with no
Displacement
‘MOD’ field denotes type of addressing mode
used.
In case of no displacement the MOD=00
OPCODE W MOD REG R/M
D7 D7 D6D0D1 D0D2D5 D3
12. (4). Register to/from memory with
Displacement
The instruction is 4-byte long in size.
First byte of code denotes opcode.
Second byte denotes register mod,register
operands & R/M field.
13. (4). Register to/from memory with
Displacement
Third byte denotes lower byte of displacement.
Fourth byte denotes higher byte of
displacement.
OPCODE MOD REG R/M
D7 D0 D0D7 D6 D2D3D5
Lower Byte of
displacement
Higher Byte of
displacement
D7 D0 D0D7
14. (5). Immediate operand to register
The instruction is 4-byte long in size.
First byte of code denotes opcode.
Second byte denotes opcode,R/M field.
15. (5). Immediate operand to register
Third byte denotes lower byte of data.
fourth byte denotes higher byte of data.
OPCODE W 11 REG R/M
D0
Lower Byte of
data
Higher Byte of
data
D7 D7 D6D5 D3 D0D2 D0D7 D0D7
16. (6). Immediate operand to memory with 16-
bit displacement
The instruction is 5 or 6-byte long in size.
First byte of code denotes opcode.
Second byte denotes register mod,opcode & R/M
field.
17. (6). Immediate operand to memory with 16-
bit displacement
The remaining 4 bytes of data contains 2 bytes of
displacement and 2 bytes of data.
OPCODE MOD OPCOD
E
R/M
D0
Lower Byte of
displacement
D7 D7 D6D5 D3 D2 D0D7D0
Higher Byte of
displacement
Lower Byte of
data
Higher Byte of
data
D7 D0D7D7 D0D0
18. Instruction Cycle
Instruction is command which is given by the user
to computer.
The time period during which one instruction is
fetched from memory and execute when a
computer given an instruction in machine language.
Each instruction is further divided into sequence of
phases.
After the execution the program counter is
incremented to point to the next instruction.
19. Phases
Fetch an instruction from memory.
Decode the instruction.
Execute the instruction.
20. Fetch Cycle
In this phase the sequence counter is
initialized to 0.
The address of first instruction from PC is
loaded into address register during the
first clock cycle.
22. Decode Cycle
The instruction is decoded by the instruction
decoder of a processor.
All the bits of the instruction under execution
stored in IR are analyzed and decode in third
clock cycle.
24. Execute Cycle
In the last phase, the processor execute the
instruction.
This involves setting the contents of the internal
register AC to constant value 0.
