The document discusses six key factors that affect climate: latitude, altitude, distance from the sea, relief, pressure and wind systems, and ocean currents. Latitude affects temperature, with tropical regions being hot, polar regions being cold, and temperate regions having moderate temperatures. Altitude also influences temperature, with temperatures decreasing as elevation increases. Proximity to the sea moderates climate, while inland areas experience more extreme temperatures. Relief such as mountains can act as barriers or influence rainfall distribution. Pressure and wind systems determine rainfall amounts and patterns. Ocean currents also impact local climate, with warm currents raising and cold currents lowering temperatures.

1. FACTORS AFFECTING
CLIMATE
K.SUGUNA.R
PGT GEO

2. FACTORS
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
LATITUDE
ALTITUDE
DISTANCE FROM THE SEA
PRESSUR AND WIND SYSTEM
RELIEF
OCEAN CURRENTS

3. LATITUDE
• DUE TO THE CURVATURE OF HE EARTH THE AMOUNT OF SOLAR
ENERGY RECEIVED VARIES ACCORDING TO LATITUDE
• TEMPERATURE DECREASES FROM EQUATOR TO POLAR REGION
• TROPICAL REGION-HOT
• POLAR REGION –COLD
• TEMPERATE REGION –MODERATE

4. LATITUDE
TROPIC OF CANCER PASSES THROUGH THE CENTRE OF INDIA
SOUTH INDIA EXPERIENCES TROPICAL CLIMATE
NORTH INDIA EXPERIENCES TEMPERATE CLIMATE
GREEN LAND –POLAR CLIMATE

5. ALTITUDE
• AS WE GO FROM SURFACE OF THE EARTH TO HIGHER
ELEVATIONS ATMOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE DECREASES.
• NORMAL LAPSE RATE -1O C /165m HEIGHT
• ATMOSPHERE GET HEATED FROM BELOW

6. ALTITUDE
• HILLY AREAS ARE COOLER THAN PLAIN AREAS
• OOTY IS COOLER THAN COIM BATORE
• BANGALORE IS COOLER THAN CHENNAI

7. DISTANCE FROM
THE SEA
• SEA EXERTS A MODERATING INFLUENCE ON CLIMATE
• IF THE PLACE IS LOCATED AWAY FROM THE SEA THEN THE
MODERATING INFLUENCE OF THE SEA DECREASES

8. DISTANCE FROM THE SEA
• PLACES IN THE INTERIOR LOCATION
EXPERIENCES EXTREME CLIMATE
• COASTAL AREAS EXPERIENCES EQUABLE
CLIMATE

9. RELIEF
•
•
•
•
HEIGHT AND ASPECT OF THE RELIEF INFLUENCES THE
CLIMATE OF A REGION
MOUNTAINS ACT AS A CLIMATIC BARRIER
IT PREVENTS THE COLD/HOT WIND AND PROTECT THE
REGION
HIMALAYAS ACTS AS A CLIMATIC BARRIER

10. RELIEF
•
•
•
•
IF THE MOSTURE LADEN WINDS BLOW PERPENDICULAR TO A
MOUNTAINIT CAUSES OROGRAPHIC RAINFALL
WINDWARD SIDE RECEIVES MORE RAINFALL WHERE AS LEEWARD
SIDE REMAINS AS A RAINSHADOW REGION
WESTERN GHATS CAUSES OROGRAPHIC RAINFALL

11. PRESSURE AND
WIND SYSTEM
•
•
•
•
•
AIR PRESSURE AFFECTS THE WIND SYSTEM
WIND AFFECTS THE RAINFALL OF A REGION
HUMID AIR GIVES RAINFALL
WIND FROM CONTINENT –DRY
WIND FROM OCEANS- WET

12. OCEAN CURRENTS•MASS MOVEMENTS OF OCEAN WATER FROM ONE PART
OF THE OCEAN TO ANOTHER PART.
•TWO TYPES:
•WARM CURRENT
•COLD CURRENT

13. OCEAN CURRENTSWARM CURRENT INCREASES THE TEMPERATURE
COLD CURRENT –DECREASES THE TEMPERATURE
GULF STREAM INCREASES THE TEMPERATURE OF THE
WESTERN COAST OF EUROPE