The document discusses various weather and climate concepts including the differences between weather and climate, the Coriolis effect, prevailing winds, volcanic eruptions and their impacts, how Earth's surface features affect local weather and climate, and climate zones. It provides definitions and explanations of key terms like rain shadow effect, mountains, plains, oceans, altitude, and latitude in influencing regional weather patterns and climates.

1. Weather & ClimateWhat is the difference between weather and climate? Or are they the same?Climate is what we expect. Weather is what we get.

2. Coriolis EffectWhat is the Coriolis effect? The apparent curve of the winds on earth.

3. Prevailing WindsAir moving from a high pressure area to low pressure area = wind.

4. Westerlies:prevailing winds that go from west to east over the United States

5. Iceland Volcano PlumeWhat could happen if there are more large eruptions in the near future?The Year Without a Summer 1816: Caused by the 1815 Eruption of Mount Tambora in Indonesia. 93 cubic miles of ash into the stratosphere.Many parts of the world had snow in summer, heavy rainfall, crop failures, disease and starvation due to lack of sunlight.

6. Check your understanding…So why is it important to know the direction winds blow at different latitudes?Sailing (exploration, trading, pirates in the Caribbean)Predict weather conditions

7. Earth’s surface features affect weather and climateVariations in Earth’s topography affect the climate of a region

8. Mountains

9. Plains

10. Oceans/Great LakesMountainsReview Mountains=Rain Shadow EffectPrevailing windscarry moist air up windward side of mountains

11. Air rises over mountain, cools and condenses (forms clouds). Air loses capacity to hold moisture = precipitation (rain/snow)Rain shadow…..Leewardsideof mountain-- cool, dry air warms as it descends.

12. Deserts can form on leeward side of mountain.

13. Rocky Mountain Rain Shadow

15. AltitudeAltitude=Cooler temperaturesSnow on mountains near the equator

16. Oceans and Large LakesOceans and Great LakesLarge bodies of water moderate temperature on nearby land

17. Oceans heat up and cool down SLOWER than land

18. Ex. San Francisco vs. Nebraska

19. PlainsBroad and flat

20. Nothing to stop wind flow