The document discusses the key factors that determine climate, including latitude, elevation, proximity to large bodies of water, ocean currents, and wind patterns. Latitude determines the climate zones of tropical, temperate, and polar regions. Elevation affects temperature, which decreases as elevation increases. Continental locations and proximity to oceans influence temperature stability and extremes. Ocean currents impact nearby land temperatures, with warm currents raising temperatures and cool currents lowering them. Major wind belts such as the trade winds also impact regional climates.