This document provides information about weather, climate, and climates of the Philippines for a 120 minute lesson in high school earth science. It defines weather and climate, describes factors that influence climate such as latitude, altitude, proximity to bodies of water, and prevailing winds. It also outlines the four climate types in the Philippines and discusses the northeast and southwest monsoon wind systems that influence the country's seasonal rainfall patterns.

1. Duration: 120 min High School Grade: 9 Earth Science
WEATHER
AND
CLIMATE
Johnel V. Esponilla
Earth Science Teacher

2. Content Standard
The learners demonstrate understanding of factors that affects climate, and the effects of changing
climate and how to adapt accordingly.
The learners should be able to participate in activities that reduce risks and lessen effects of
climate change.
Performance Standards Keywords
Learning Competency
1. Explain how different factors affect the climate of an area.
2. Describe certain climatic phenomena that occur on a global level.

3. Duration: 120 min High School Grade: 9 Earth Science
WEATHER UPDATE AS OF MARCH 25, 2021

4. Duration: 120 min High School Grade: 9 Earth Science
WEATHER UPDATE AS OF MARCH 25, 2021

5. Duration: 120 min High School Grade: 9 Earth Science
The study of weather is known as METEOROLOGY. Specialist
in this area are known as METEOROLOGISTS.
Every day they forecast what weather will be like.
For many people, this has only a small impact on their lives,
but for others it is very important.
Fishermen and pilots could not do their job without weather
reports.
WHY STUDY THE WEATHER?

6. Duration: 120 min High School Grade: 9 Earth Science
It is the day to day changes in the atmosphere.
WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN
WEATHER AND CLIMATE?
It is the pattern of weather, usually based over 30 years.
It reflects short term conditions of the atmosphere.
It is the averaged daily weather for an extended period of
time at a certain location.
CLIMATE
WEATHER
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4

7. Duration: 120 min High School Grade: 9 Earth Science
TEMPERATURE
FACTORS IN WEATHER
PRECIPITATION
WIND SPEED
HUMIDITY
CLOUD COVER
AIR PRESSURE
WIND
DIRECTION

8. Duration: 120 min High School Grade: 9 Earth Science
LATITUDE
FACTORS IN CLIMATE
ALTITUDE
DISTANCE FROM BODIES
OF WATER
OCEAN
CURRENTS
TOPOGRAPHY

9. Duration: 120 min High School Grade: 9 Earth Science
The amount of solar radiation received from the sun is determined by two factors:
1. The angle at which the sun’s rays strike the earth, and
2. The length of time in which the sun shines during a particular day.
CLIMATE
What factors affect the
average temperature in a
given place?
LATITUDE of an area is its distance from the equator

10. Duration: 120 min High School Grade: 9 Earth Science
CLIMATE
What factors affect the
average temperature in a
given place?
LATITUDE of an area is its distance from the equator

11. Duration: 120 min High School Grade: 9 Earth Science
the lower the
LATITUDE, the
warmer the
climate; the higher
the latitude, the
colder the climate

12. Duration: 120 min High School Grade: 9 Earth Science
The ALTITUDE of a place also determines its climate. Even places near the equator
experiences a cold climate if they are located at a high altitude compared to those
located at sea level.
CLIMATE
What factors affect the
average temperature in a
given place?
ALTITUDE is the height above sea level

13. Duration: 120 min High School Grade: 9 Earth Science
The presence of land and water masses affect the climate of a place. Since land surfaces
heat and cool faster than water surfaces, land regions experience HOTTER SUMMERS
and COLDER WINTERS compared to sea regions in the same latitude.
CLIMATE
What factors affect the
average temperature in a
given place?

14. Duration: 120 min High School Grade: 9 Earth Science

15. Duration: 120 min High School Grade: 9 Earth Science
Mountains and plains determine how distant winds affect the climate of a region.
CLIMATE
What factors affect the
average temperature in a
given place?

16. Duration: 120 min High School Grade: 9 Earth Science

17. Duration: 120 min High School Grade: 9 Earth Science
The direction of prevailing winds can cause cool summer and mild winters along the sea
coast.
CLIMATE
What factors affect the
average temperature in a
given place?
PREVAILING WINDS are winds that blow consistently in a
given direction over a particular region on earth.

18. Duration: 120 min High School Grade: 9 Earth Science

19. Duration: 120 min High School Grade: 9 Earth Science
Rainfall is also affected by latitude. Regions where warm, moist
wind rise such as in the doldrums have heavy rains throughout the
year.
Regions in the traders and low latitude are mostly dry while those
in the prevailing easterlies have moderate rainfall all year.
CLIMATE
What factors affect the
average rainfall in a given
place?

20. Duration: 120 min High School Grade: 9 Earth Science
DOLDRUMS
= heavy rain
TRADERS and LOW
LATITUDE
= mostly dry
PREVAILING
EASTERLIES
= moderate rainfall

21. Duration: 120 min High School Grade: 9 Earth Science
Seasonal winds, called monsoons may bring rainy weather
during some months and dry weather in other months.
CLIMATE
What factors affect the
average rainfall in a given
place?

22. Duration: 120 min High School Grade: 9 Earth Science

23. Duration: 120 min High School Grade: 9 Earth Science
When winds blow in from the ocean, the region nearest the
ocean gets the most rainfall. The warmer the ocean, the
heavier the rainfall.
CLIMATE
What factors affect the
average rainfall in a given
place?

24. Duration: 120 min High School Grade: 9 Earth Science

25. Duration: 120 min High School Grade: 9 Earth Science
CLASSIFICATION OF
CLIMATES IN THE WORLD
TROPICAL CLIMATES
MIDDLE-LATITUDE
CLIMATES
POLAR CLIMATES

26. Duration: 120 min High School Grade: 9 Earth Science
TROPICAL CLIMATE
These climates are located within 300 above and below the equator.

27. Duration: 120 min High School Grade: 9 Earth Science
TROPICAL
CLIMATE
Tropical rain forest
Savannah
Tropical desert
Tropical steep

28. Duration: 120 min High School Grade: 9 Earth Science
MIDLLE-LATITUDE CLIMATE
These climates are located between 300 and 650 latitude.

29. Duration: 120 min High School Grade: 9 Earth Science
MIDDLE LATITUDE
CLIMATE
Mediterranean
Humid subtropical
Marine west coast
Humid continental
Dry continental
Subarctic

30. Duration: 120 min High School Grade: 9 Earth Science
POLAR CLIMATE
Close to the poles the sun is not seen during the winter for as long as six
months.

31. Duration: 120 min High School Grade: 9 Earth Science
POLAR CLIMATE
Tundra
Ice cap

32. Duration: 120 min High School Grade: 9 Earth Science
CLIMATES OF THE
PHILIPPINES
TYPE I
TYPE III
TYPE II
TYPE IV

33. Duration: 120 min High School Grade: 9 Earth Science
Two pronounced seasons: DRY from November
to April and WET during the rest of the year.
TYPE I CLIMATE
Western part of Luzon, Mindoro,
Negros and Palawan

34. Duration: 120 min High School Grade: 9 Earth Science
No dry season; with a very pronounced
maximum rain period from November to April.
TYPE II CLIMATE
Catanduanes, Sorsogon, eastern Albay,
eastern and northern Cam Norte and
Cam Sur, easter Mindanao, eastern
Quezon, and Samar

35. Duration: 120 min High School Grade: 9 Earth Science
Seasons are not very pronounced; relatively
dry from November to April and wet during the
rest of the year.
TYPE III CLIMATE
Western parts of Cagayan, Isabela, Nueva
Vizcaya, the eastern portion of Mountain
Provinces, Southern Quezon, Masbate,
Romblon, Northeast Panay, Eastern
Negros, Central and Southern Cebu, part
of northern Mindanao, and part of
Eastern Palawan

36. Duration: 120 min High School Grade: 9 Earth Science
Rainfall more or less evenly distributed
throughout the year.
TYPE IV CLIMATE
Batanes, North-eastern Luzon, South-western
Camarines Norte, Western Camarines Sur and
Albay, Bondoc Peninsula, Eastern Mindoro,
Marinduque, Western Leyte, Northern Cebu,
Bohol and most of central, eastern and
southern Mindanao

37. Duration: 120 min High School Grade: 9 Earth Science
In the Northern Hemisphere, a high pressure
area develops over India and Southern Siberia
in winter. Why?
PREVAILING WIND SYSTEMS OR
MONSOONS IN THE PHILIPPINES
It reaches the Philippines from a north-easterly
direction and the air mass is called the
NORTHEAST MONSOON (AMIHAN).

38. Duration: 120 min High School Grade: 9 Earth Science
NORTHEAST
MONSOON
(AMIHAN)
- October to
late March

39. Duration: 120 min High School Grade: 9 Earth Science
A cold air mass develops over the Pacific Ocean
and begins to move the Asian continent.
This forms the SOUTHWEST MONSOON
(HABAGAT).
PREVAILING WIND SYSTEMS OR
MONSOONS IN THE PHILIPPINES

40. Duration: 120 min High School Grade: 9 Earth Science
SOUTHWEAST
MONSOON
(HABAGAT)
- Late June to
October