Five factors that affect climate are discussed: 1) Latitude - as latitude increases, average annual temperature decreases. Places closer to the equator are warmer. 2) Proximity to large bodies of water - bodies of water moderate temperatures, creating cooler summers and warmer winters. 3) Orographic effect - windward sides receive more precipitation while leeward sides receive less as winds are forced to higher elevations. 4) Elevation - as elevation increases, average annual temperature decreases with colder temperatures at higher elevations. 5) Ocean currents - warm currents result in warmer climates while cold currents create cooler climates.

2. Identify five factors
that affect climate
and explain
how each
affects climate.

4. How does latitude
affect climate?
As latitude ________, the average
annual temperature _________.
0° Latitude 90°
Temperature
decreases
increases

7. How does closeness to a large
body of water affect climate?
Water __________ the temperature.
_______ summers. _______ winters.
City B is closer to a large
body of water.
Its temperature line is
flatter (moderated).
moderates
Cities A & B are located
at the same latitude.
Cooler Warmer

10. The windward sides of the
Adirondacks & Catskills
receive a great deal more
precipitation
The leeward
sides of the
Adirondacks &
Catskills
receive much
less
precipitation

11. How does the
Orographic Effect
affect climate?
Windward Side: ___________
Leeward Side: _____________
cool, moist
warm, dry

13. Page 14 of the ESRTs
We live in the troposphere.
Temperature decreases
with elevation.

14. During summer, temperature is strongly controlled by elevation -- cold at the
higher reaches of the Alaska and Brooks Ranges, and warmer in the lowlands.

15. How does elevation
affect climate?
As elevation _________, the average
annual temperature __________.
Elevation
Temperature
increases
decreases

18. How do ocean currents
affect climate?
Warm Currents: warmer climate
Cold Currents: cooler climate