Eukaryotic promoters are DNA sequences located upstream of genes that recruit transcriptional machinery to initiate gene transcription. Promoters can range from 100-1000 base pairs in length and are located near transcription start sites on the same DNA strand in the 5' region. Promoters serve as binding sites for RNA polymerase and help initiate transcription of downstream DNA. The strength of a promoter can be regulated by the presence or absence of binding proteins. There are different types of promoters including constitutive, tissue-specific, synthetic, and inducible promoters. Methods like DNase footprint assays and online prediction tools can determine promoter sites.

1. EUKARYOTIC
PROMOTER
Presented by:
Manish Gaud.
Department:
Pharmaco-Informatics(PI-291)
NIPER HAJIPUR. 1

2. Eukaryotic Promoters
In genetics:
A promoter is a DNA sequence that can recruit
transcriptional machinery and lead to transcription of
the downstream DNA sequence.
Location:
located near the transcription start sites of genes, on
the same strand and upstream on the DNA (towards
the 5' region of the sense strand).
Size:
Promoters can be about 100–1000 base pairs long.
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3. Importance of promoter
• Promoter is a binding site for RNA polymerase.
• RNA polymerase bind only on promoter.
• It helps in transcription.
• A promoter may include a binding site for a protein
presence or absence of that protein will affect the strength
of the promoter. Such a promoter is known as a regulated
promoter.
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4. •Three kind of RNA polymerase can bind on
promoter…
• RNA polymerase I
• RNA polymerase II
• RNA polymerase III
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5. Types of promoters
• 1)Constitutive promoter :-
• These promoters are always active for gene expression and
environment independent.
•2)Tissue-specific :-
• These promoters direct the gene expression in a specific
tissues or at certain stage of development.
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6. Types of promoters
•3)Synthetic promoter :-
• These promoters are made by primary element of a
particular region from diverse origin.
•4)Inducible promoter :-
• These promoters dependent upon the external stimuli &
environmental factors for gene expression .
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7. Method to determine promoter site.
• DNase footprint assay method:
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8. Online promoter prediction tools
• There are many online tools available for predicting
promoter ..
• For example,
• Promoter 2.0 prediction server.
• Neural Network Promoter Prediction.
• PROMOSER.
• Etc.
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10. •Promoter 2.0 Prediction Results
• gi_186429_gb_J00265.1_HUMINS01 Human insulin gene, complete
4044 nucleotides
• Position Score likelihood
• 2300 1.118 Highly likely prediction
• 2900 0.620 Marginal prediction
• 3700 0.521 Marginal prediction
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